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We prove that a sequence satisfying a certain symmetry property is $2$-regular in the sense of Allouche and Shallit, i.e., the $\mathbb{Z}$-module generated by its $2$-kernel is finitely generated. We apply this theorem to develop a general…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Aline Parreau , Michel Rigo , Eric Rowland , Elise Vandomme

We present a general method for computing the abelian complexity $\rho^{\rm ab}_{\bf s} (n)$ of an automatic sequence $\bf s$ in the case where (a) $\rho^{\rm ab}_{\bf s} (n)$ is bounded by a constant and (b) the Parikh vectors of the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Jeffrey Shallit

Automata networks are a versatile model of finite discrete dynamical systems composed of interacting entities (the automata), able to embed any directed graph as a dynamics on its space of configurations (the set of vertices, representing…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Aliénor Goubault-Larrecq , Kévin Perrot

Semiautomata form a rich class of sequence-processing algorithms with applications in natural language processing, robotics, computational biology, and data mining. We establish the first Statistical Query hardness result for semiautomata…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 George Giapitzakis , Kimon Fountoulakis , Eshaan Nichani , Jason D. Lee

We relate two measures of complexity of regular languages. The first is syntactic complexity, that is, the cardinality of the syntactic semigroup of the language. That semigroup is isomorphic to the semigroup of transformations of states…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-24 Janusz Brzozowski , Gareth Davies

Odlyzko and Stanley introduced a greedy algorithm for constructing infinite sequences with no 3-term arithmetic progressions when beginning with a finite set with no 3-term arithmetic progressions. The sequences constructed from this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-08 Richard Moy , Mehtaab Sawhney , David Stoner

The $n$th term of an automatic sequence is the output of a deterministic finite automaton fed with the representation of $n$ in a suitable numeration system. In this paper, instead of considering automatic sequences built on a numeration…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Michel Rigo , Manon Stipulanti

A drawback of Kolmogorov-Chaitin complexity (K) as a function from s to the shortest program producing s is its noncomputability which limits its range of applicability. Moreover, when strings are short, the dependence of K on a particular…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-12-20 Jean-Paul Delahaye , Hector Zenil

The fine approach to measure information dependence is based on the total conditional complexity CT(y|x), which is defined as the minimal length of a total program that outputs y on the input x. It is known that the total conditional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Nikolay Vereshchagin

Sequences with low auto-correlation property have been applied in code-division multiple access communication systems, radar and cryptography. Using the inverse Gray mapping, a quaternary sequence of even length $N$ can be obtained from two…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-17 W Su , Y Yang , Z Zhou , X Tang

We derive B\'ezout identities for the minimal polynomials of a finite sequence and use them to prove a theorem of Wang and Massey on binary sequences with a perfect linear complexity profile. We give a new proof of Rueppel's conjecture and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-08-24 Graham H. Norton

Abstract numeration systems encode natural numbers using radix ordered words of an infinite regular language and linear recurrence sequences play a key role in their valuation. Sequence automata, which are deterministic finite automata with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Olivier Carton , Jean-Michel Couvreur , Martin Delacourt , Nicolas Ollinger

The equivalence of finite automata and regular expressions dates back to the seminal paper of Kleene on events in nerve nets and finite automata from 1956. In the present paper we tour a fragment of the literature and summarize results on…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Hermann Gruber , Markus Holzer

In this paper, we study the additive complexity $\rho^{+}_{\mathbf{t}}(n)$ of a Thue-Morse like sequence $\mathbf{t}=\sigma^{\infty}(0)$ with the morphism $\sigma: 0\to 01, 1\to 12, 2\to 20$. We show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-16 Jin Chen , Zhixiong Wen , Wen Wu

We prove the existence of a ternary sequence of factor complexity $2n+1$ for any given vector of rationally independent letter frequencies. Such sequences are constructed from an infinite product of two substitutions according to a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-25 Julien Cassaigne , Sébastien Labbé , Julien Leroy

We prove that for $1<c<4/3$ the subsequence of the Thue--Morse sequence $\mathbf t$ indexed by $\lfloor n^c\rfloor$ defines a normal sequence, that is, each finite sequence $(\varepsilon_0,\ldots,\varepsilon_{T-1})\in \{0,1\}^T$ occurs as a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-18 Lukas Spiegelhofer

We study those automatic sequences which are produced by an automaton whose underlying graph is the Cayley graph of a finite group. For $2$-automatic sequences, we find a characterization in terms of what we call homogeneity, and among…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-29 Pierre Guillot

Algorithms which learn environments represented by automata in the past have had complexity scaling with the number of states in the automaton, which can be exponentially large even for automata recognizing regular expressions with a small…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Ali Cataltepe , Vanessa Kosoy

We study the possible growth rates of the Kolmogorov complexity of initial segments of sequences that are random with respect to some computable measure on $2^\omega$, the so-called proper sequences. Our main results are as follows: (1) We…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-11-09 Rupert Hölzl , Christopher P. Porter

In this paper we establish some bounds on the complexity of disjunctive normal forms of boolean function from narrow subclasses (e.g. functions takes value 0 in a limited number of points). The bounds are obtained by reduction the initial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-15 Sergey Granin , Yura Maximov