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With growing intermittency and uncertainty in distribution networks around the world, ensuring operational integrity is becoming challenging. Recent use cases of dynamic operating envelopes (DOEs) indicate that they can be utilized for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-07 Md Umar Hashmi , Dirk Van Hertem

Dynamic operating envelopes (DOEs) have been introduced in recent years as a means to manage the operation of distributed energy resources (DERs) within the network operational constraints. DOEs can be used by network operators to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Bin Liu , Julio H. Braslavsky

With increasing availability of communication and control infrastructure at the distribution systems, it is expected that the distributed energy resources (DERs) will take an active part in future power systems operations. One of the main…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Soumya Kundu , Karanjit Kalsi , Scott Backhaus

The increasing share of distributed energy sources enhances the participation potential of distributed flexibility in the provision of system services. However, this participation can endanger the grid-safety of the distribution networks…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-26 Abhimanyu Kaushal , Wicak Ananduta , Luciana Marques , Tom Cuypers , Anibal Sanjab

Dynamic operating envelopes (DOEs) provide a systematic framework to integrate the flexibility of distribution grid resources while safeguarding network limits such as line ratings and voltage bounds. However, the flexibility derived from…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Ali Jalilian , Deepjyoti Deka , Md. Umar Hashmi , Dirk Van Hertem

This paper addresses the question: how many distributed energy resources (DERs) are needed to provide $\pm1$MW of flexibility over a number of hours? For this purpose, a metric based on an ISO's own performance score is proposed. Then, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-23 Adil Khurram , Luis A. Duffaut Espinosa , Mads Almassalkhi

The integration of distributed energy resources (DER) makes active distribution networks (ADNs) natural providers of flexibility services. However, the optimal operation of flexible units in ADNs is highly complex, which poses challenges…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-29 Andrey Churkin , Wangwei Kong , Jose N. Melchor Gutierrez , Eduardo A. Martínez Ceseña , Pierluigi Mancarella

Hybrid Energy Systems (HES), integrating generation sources, energy storage, and controllable loads, are well-positioned to provide real-time grid flexibility. However, quantifying this maximum flexibility is challenging due to renewable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Tanmay Mishra , Mads R Almassalkhi

This paper provides an in-depth analysis on how different aspects of the dynamic operating envelope (DOE) formulation impact the computation and allocation of network capacity. We show that the envelopes are significantly affected by the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Wilhiam de Carvalho , Florin Capitanescu , Cyril Rasic , Jean-François Toubeau , François Vallée

The flexibilities provided by the distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution systems enable the coordination of transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operators (DSOs). At the distribution level, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-30 Yilin Wen , Yi Guo , Zechun Hu , Gabriela Hug

Dynamic operating envelopes (DOEs) have been introduced to integrate distributed energy resources (DER) in distribution networks via real-time management of network capacity limits. Recent research demonstrates that uncertainties in DOE…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-03 Bin Liu , Julio H. Braslavsky

Power distribution networks are increasingly hosting controllable and flexible distributed energy resources (DERs) that, when aggregated, can provide ancillary support to transmission systems. However, existing aggregation schemes often…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Hyeongon Park , Daniel K. Molzahn , Rahul K. Gupta

The aggregate flexibility region of distributed energy resources (DERs) quantifies the aggregate power shaping capabilities of DERs. It characterizes the distribution network's potential for wholesale market participation and grid service…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Feixiang Zhang , Hongyi Li , Bai Cui , Zhaoyu Wang

This paper presents a data-driven, distributionally robust chance-constrained optimization method for estimating the real and reactive power controllability of aggregated distributed energy resources (DER). At the DER-level, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-15 Mingzhi Zhang , Xiangqi Zhu , Ning Lu

The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) brings opportunities and challenges to the operation of distribution systems. To ensure network integrity, dynamic operating envelopes (DOEs) are issued by utilities to DERs…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-20 Hongyi Li , Liming Liu , Yunyi Li , Zhaoyu Wang

Robust dynamic operating envelopes (RDOEs) solve the problem of secure allocation of latent network capacity to flexible distributed energy resources (DER) in unbalanced distribution networks. As the computational complexity of RDOEs is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-25 Bin Liu , Julio H. Braslavsky

Dynamic operating envelopes (DOEs), as a key enabler to facilitate DER integration, have attracted increasing attention in the past years. However, uncertainties, which may come from load forecast errors or inaccurate network parameters,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Bin Liu , Julio H. Braslavsky , Nariman Mahdavi

The increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DER) offers new opportunities for distribution system operators (DSO) to improve network operation through flexibility services. To utilise flexible resources, various DER…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Andrey Churkin , Wangwei Kong , Pierluigi Mancarella , Eduardo A. Martínez Ceseña

The authors provide a comprehensive overview of flexibility characterization along the dimensions of time, spatiality, resource, and risk in power systems. These dimensions are discussed in relation to flexibility assets, products, and…

General Economics · Economics 2021-09-08 Güray Kara , Asgeir Tomasgard , Hossein Farahmand

Increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) within distribution feeders provides unprecedented flexibility at the distribution-transmission interconnection. With the new FERC 2222 order, DER aggregations are allowed to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-27 Bai Cui , Ahmed Zamzam , Andrey Bernstein
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