This paper addresses the question: how many distributed energy resources (DERs) are needed to provide ±1MW of flexibility over a number of hours? For this purpose, a metric based on an ISO's own performance score is proposed. Then, a systematic procedure is presented and validated that makes use of either a simulator or the solution to an optimization problem based on a nominal analytical formulation to get flexibility in terms of kW-per-device. Furthermore, simulation-based analysis indicates that flexibility from different DER fleets adds linearly, that is, the total flexibility provided by a mixture of different DER types can be obtained as a convex combination of their individual kW-per-device flexibility. The proposed methodology is validated on (i) a centralized coordinator and (ii) a device driven DER coordination scheme called packetized energy management (PEM). Furthermore, the effect of heterogeneity as well as PEM specific parameters such as packet length and mean time-to-request on flexibility is also quantified.
@article{arxiv.2012.08464,
title = {A Methodology for Quantifying Flexibility in a fleet of Diverse DERs},
author = {Adil Khurram and Luis A. Duffaut Espinosa and Mads Almassalkhi},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.08464},
year = {2020}
}