Related papers: The Micro-Randomized Trial for Developing Digital …
Knowledge of the medical decision process, which can be modeled as medical decision trees (MDTs), is critical to building clinical decision support systems. However, current MDT construction methods rely heavily on time-consuming and…
Multi-regional clinical trials (MRCTs) enable efficient global drug development by assessing treatment effects across regions within a single protocol. While powered for overall efficacy, MRCTs are typically not designed to provide…
Multi-period cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are increasingly used for the evaluation of interventions delivered at the group level. While generalized estimating equations (GEE) are commonly used to provide population-averaged inference in…
Clinical trials are an integral component of medical research. Trials require careful design to, for example, maintain the safety of participants, use resources efficiently and allow clinically meaningful conclusions to be drawn. Adaptive…
Individualized treatment effect lies at the heart of precision medicine. Interpretable individualized treatment rules (ITRs) are desirable for clinicians or policymakers due to their intuitive appeal and transparency. The gold-standard…
A platform trial with a master protocol provides an infrastructure to ethically and efficiently evaluate multiple treatment options in multiple diseases. Given that certain study drugs can enter or exit a platform trial, the randomization…
Randomized experiments can provide unbiased estimates of sample average treatment effects. However, estimates of population treatment effects can be biased when the experimental sample and the target population differ. In this case, the…
Path planners based on basic rapidly-exploring random trees (RRTs) are quick and efficient, and thus favourable for real-time robot path planning, but are almost-surely suboptimal. In contrast, the optimal RRT (RRT*) converges to the…
Shared Mobility Services (SMS), e.g., Demand-Responsive Transit (DRT) or ride-sharing, can improve mobility in low-density areas, often poorly served by conventional Public Transport (PT). Such improvement is mostly quantified via basic…
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are ideal for estimating causal effects, because the distributions of background covariates are similar in expectation across treatment groups. When estimating causal effects using observational data,…
In this paper we present tools for applied researchers that re-purpose off-the-shelf methods from the computer-science field of machine learning to create a "discovery engine" for data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The applied…
Adaptive sample size re-estimation (SSR) is a well-established strategy for improving the efficiency and flexibility of clinical trials. Its central challenge is determining whether, and by how much, to increase the sample size at an…
This article develops design-based ratio estimators for clustered, blocked randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with an application to a federally funded, school-based RCT testing the effects of behavioral health interventions. We consider…
Individualized treatment rules (ITRs) are deterministic decision rules that recommend treatments to individuals based on their characteristics. Though ubiquitous in medicine, ITRs are hardly ever evaluated in randomized controlled trials.…
Abrupt changes in the environment, such as unforeseen events due to climate change, have triggered massive and precipitous changes in human mobility. The ability to quickly predict traffic patterns in different scenarios has become more…
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a practical and noninvasive measure of autonomic nervous system activity, which plays an essential role in cardiovascular health. However, using HRV to assess physiology status is challenging. Even in…
Item Response Theory (IRT) models have received growing interest in health science for analyzing latent constructs such as depression, anxiety, quality of life, or cognitive functioning from the information provided by each individual's…
Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are sequences of decision rules to guide treatment assignments in response to a patient's evolving, time-varying disease status. Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMARTs) are considered the…
Robot-Assisted Therapy (RAT) has successfully been used in Human Robot Interaction (HRI) research by including social robots in health-care interventions by virtue of their ability to engage human users in both social and emotional…
The Regression Discontinuity (RD) design is a quasi-experimental design which emulates a randomised study by exploiting situations where treatment is assigned according to a continuous variable as is common in many drug treatment…