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Sub-grid scale parameterizations in atmospheric models involve numerous uncertain parameters that must be tuned to align simulations with observations. Here, we propose a framework for assessing objective tuning frameworks using the Single…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Pappu Paul , Cristian Proistosescu

The global stratification and circulation of the ocean and their sensitivities to changes in forcing depend crucially on the representation of the mesoscale eddy field. Here, a geometrically informed and energetically constrained…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-11-14 Julian Mak , James R. Maddison , David P. Marshall , David R. Munday

General circulation models are often used to explore exoclimate parameter spaces and classify atmospheric circulation regimes. Models are tuned to give reasonable climate states for standard test cases, such as the Held-Suarez test, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-10 Pushkar Kopparla , Russell Deitrick , Kevin Heng , João M. Mendonça , Mark Hammond

The Global Overturning Circulation (GOC) is a key component of the climate system, transporting heat, carbon, and salt throughout the global ocean. Previous reduced-dimensional models have sought to represent this three-dimensional…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Elian Vanderborght , Henk A. Dijkstra

Global climate models typically operate at a grid resolution of hundreds of kilometers and fail to resolve atmospheric mesoscale processes, e.g., clouds, precipitation, and gravity waves (GWs). Model representation of these processes and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Aman Gupta , Aditi Sheshadri , Sujit Roy , Vishal Gaur , Manil Maskey , Rahul Ramachandran

We review a range of reduction methods that have been, or may be useful for connecting models of the Earth's climate system of differing complexity. We particularly focus on methods where rigorous reduction is possible. We aim to highlight…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-05-03 Felix Hummel , Peter Ashwin , Christian Kuehn

We propose a method to stabilise a solution to equations describing the interface of thin liquid films falling under gravity with a finite number of actuators and restricted observations. As for many complex systems, full observation of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-10 Oscar A. Holroyd , Radu Cimpeanu , Susana N. Gomes

Suppose data are fitted to some parametric model but that the true model happens to be one with an additional parameter. When a parameter is to be estimated one can use likelihood estimation in the wider model or in the narrow model.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-27 Nils Lid Hjort

For the classical N-body problem, an approach is proposed based on the introduction of some natural in the physical sense optimization problems of mathematical programming for finding a conditional minimum for the characteristics of the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-07-26 Igor Pavlov

We propose an extension of the discretization approaches for multilayer shallow water models, aimed at making them more flexible and efficient for realistic applications to coastal flows. A novel discretization approach is proposed, in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-04-18 Luca Bonaventura , Enrique D. Fernández-Nieto , José Garres-Díaz , Gladys Narbona-Reina

The simulation of open molecular systems requires explicit or implicit reservoirs of energy and particles. Whereas full atomistic resolution is desired in the region of interest, there is some freedom in the implementation of the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-04-26 Luigi Delle Site , Christian Krekeler , John Whittaker , Animesh Agarwal , Rupert Klein , Felix Höfling

Lagrangian data assimilation is a complex problem in oceanic and atmospheric modeling. Tracking drifters in large-scale geophysical flows can involve uncertainty in drifter location, complex inertial effects, and other factors which make…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-01-30 Kristy L. Schlueter-Kuck , John O. Dabiri

Accurately quantifying air-sea fluxes is important for understanding air-sea interactions and improving coupled weather and climate systems. This study introduces a probabilistic framework to represent the highly variable nature of air-sea…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Jiarong Wu , Pavel Perezhogin , David John Gagne , Brandon Reichl , Aneesh C. Subramanian , Elizabeth Thompson , Laure Zanna

We develop a number of general techniques for comparing analytifications and tropicalizations of algebraic varieties. Our basic results include a projection formula for tropical multiplicities and a generalization of the Sturmfels-Tevelev…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-04-19 Matthew Baker , Sam Payne , Joseph Rabinoff

We consider settings for which one needs to perform multiple flow simulations based on the Navier-Stokes equations, each having different values for the physical parameters and/or different initial condition data, boundary conditions data,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-06-14 Max Gunzburger , Nan Jiang , Zhu Wang

Traffic waves can rise even from single lane car-following behaviour. To better understand and mitigate traffic waves, it is necessary to use analytical tools like mathematical models, data analysis, and micro-simulations that can capture…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-10-10 Nour Khoudari , Rabie Ramadan , Megan Ross , Benjamin Seibold

This paper is a survey of the generalized Hamiltonian gradient flow (GHGF) framework for Hamilton-Jacobi equations, with an emphasis on the propagation of singularities and its connections to weak KAM theory, optimal transport and mean…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Wei Cheng , Jiahui Hong

We consider a shallow water model in a homogenization framework. For periodic topographies, Craig, Lannes and Sulem have established a consistency result under some non-resonance conditions. In the present contribution, we significantly…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Antoine Gloria , David Lee

Hydroclimatic processes are characterized by heterogeneous spatiotemporal correlation structures and marginal distributions that can be continuous, mixed-type, discrete or even binary. Simulating exactly such processes can greatly improve…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-07-24 Simon Michael Papalexiou

A formulation of the shallow water equations adapted to general complex terrains is proposed. Its derivation starts from the observation that the typical approach of depth integrating the Navier-Stokes equations along the direction of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-10-17 Ilaria Fent , Mario Putti , Carlo Gregoretti , Stefano Lanzoni