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Algorithms that generate computer game content require game design knowledge. We present an approach to automatically learn game design knowledge for level design from gameplay videos. We further demonstrate how the acquired design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Matthew Guzdial , Mark Riedl

Gauging an individual's skill level is crucial, as it inherently shapes their behavior. Quantifying skill, however, is challenging because it is latent to the observed actions. To explore skill understanding in human behavior, we focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Akihiro Kubota , Tomoya Hasegawa , Ryo Kawahara , Ko Nishino

Deterministic game-solving algorithms are conventionally analyzed in the light of their average-case complexity against a distribution of random game-trees, where leaf values are independently sampled from a fixed distribution. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Raphaël Boige , Amine Boumaza , Bruno Scherrer

Games are often designed to shape player behavior in a desired way; however, it can be unclear how design decisions affect the space of behaviors in a game. Designers usually explore this space through human playtesting, which can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Alexander Zook , Brent Harrison , Mark O. Riedl

In decision-dependent games, multiple players optimize their decisions under a data distribution that shifts with their joint actions, creating complex dynamics in applications like market pricing. A practical consequence of these dynamics…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Guangzheng Zhong , Yang Liu , Jiming Liu

We consider learning, from strictly behavioral data, the structure and parameters of linear influence games (LIGs), a class of parametric graphical games introduced by Irfan and Ortiz (2014). LIGs facilitate causal strategic inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Jean Honorio , Luis Ortiz

Throughout the history of games, representing the abilities of the various agents acting on behalf of the players has been a central concern. With increasingly sophisticated games emerging, these simulations have become more realistic, but…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-04 Magnus Lie Hetland

Leadership games provide a powerful paradigm to model many real-world settings. Most literature focuses on games with a single follower who acts optimistically, breaking ties in favour of the leader. Unfortunately, for real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Giuseppe De Nittis , Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti

In many cases the Nash equilibria are not predictive of the experimental players' behaviour. For some games of Game Theory it is proposed here a method to estimate the probabilities with which the different options will be actually chosen…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-04-10 Cesco Reale

Learning problems commonly exhibit an interesting feedback mechanism wherein the population data reacts to competing decision makers' actions. This paper formulates a new game theoretic framework for this phenomenon, called "multi-player…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Adhyyan Narang , Evan Faulkner , Dmitriy Drusvyatskiy , Maryam Fazel , Lillian J. Ratliff

Stackelberg games originate where there are market leaders and followers, and the actions of leaders influence the behavior of the followers. Mathematical modelling of such games results in what's called a Bilevel Optimization problem.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Pravesh Koirala , Forrest Laine

While advancements in NLP have significantly improved the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on tasks requiring vertical thinking, their lateral thinking capabilities remain under-explored and challenging to measure due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Qi Chen , Bowen Zhang , Gang Wang , Qi Wu

We looked at a method for estimating the complexity measure of game tree size (the number of legal games). It seems effective for a number of children's games such as Tic-Tac-Toe, Connect Four and Othello.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2019-02-01 Alexander Yong , David Yong

This paper explores adaptive problem solving with a game designed to support the development of problem-solving skills. Using an adaptive, AI-powered puzzle game, our adaptive problem-solving system dynamically generates pathfinding-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Matthew McConnell , Richard Zhao

The development of believable, natural, and interactive digital artificial agents is a field of growing interest. Theoretical uncertainties and technical barriers present considerable challenges to the field, particularly with regards to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Maximilian Croissant , Madeleine Frister , Guy Schofield , Cade McCall

Software systems are expansive, exhibiting behaviors characteristic of complex systems, such as self-organization and emergence. These systems, highlighted by advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and other AI applications developed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jan Žižka

Game balancing is an important part of the (computer) game design process, in which designers adapt a game prototype so that the resulting gameplay is as entertaining as possible. In industry, the evaluation of a game is often based on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-03-15 Vanessa Volz , Günter Rudolph , Boris Naujoks

Predicting the difficulty of playing a musical score is essential for structuring and exploring score collections. Despite its importance for music education, the automatic difficulty classification of piano scores is not yet solved, mainly…

We propose the study of mathematical ludology, which aims to formally interrogate questions of interest to game studies and game design in particular. The goal is to extend our mathematical understanding of complex games beyond…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Paul Riggins , David McPherson

In this dissertation, we analyze the computational properties of game-theoretic centrality measures. The key idea behind game-theoretic approach to network analysis is to treat nodes as players in a cooperative game, where the value of each…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-08 Piotr Lech Szczepański