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We develop a simple test for deviations from power law tails, which is based on the asymptotic properties of the empirical distribution function. We use this test to answer the question whether great natural disasters, financial crashes or…
We propose a new model for forming beliefs and learning about unknown probabilities (such as the probability of picking a red marble from a bag with an unknown distribution of coloured marbles). The most widespread model for such situations…
In the classical two-sample problem, the conventional approach for testing distributions equality is based on the difference between the two marginal empirical distribution functions, whereas a test for independence is based on the contrast…
Beck's conjecture on coloring of graphs associated to various algebraic objects has generated considerable interest in the community of discrete mathematics and combinatorics since its inception in the year 1988. The version of this…
We consider a dichotomy for analytic families of trees stating that either there is a colouring of the nodes for which all but finitely many levels of every tree are nonhomogeneous, or else the family contains an uncountable antichain. This…
The problem of induction has persisted since Hume exposed the logical gap between repeated observation and universal inference. Traditional attempts to resolve it have oscillated between two extremes: the probabilistic optimism of Laplace…
We present the general Hardy-like quantum pigeonhole paradoxes for \textit{n}-particle states, and find that each of such paradoxes can be simply associated to an un-colorable solution of a specific vertex-coloring problem induced from the…
In this paper, I will demonstrate a new perspective on the Two Envelope Problem. I hope to show with convincing clarity how the paradox results from an inherent problem pertaining to the interpretation of Bayesian probability. Specifically,…
The Doomsday argument and anthropic reasoning are two puzzling examples of probabilistic confirmation. In both cases, a lack of knowledge apparently yields surprising conclusions. Since they are formulated within a Bayesian framework, they…
We suggest an optical method which tests a nonclassical feature with a coherent state input. The test is designed with a multiplexer of on/off detectors and post-selection, adopting sub-binomiality as a nonclassical feature, replacing…
In this paper, we consider the problem of making distributionally robust, skeptical inferences for the multi-label problem, or more generally for Boolean vectors. By distributionally robust, we mean that we consider a set of possible…
In this short paper, I present a few theorems on sentences of arithmetic which are related to Yablo's Paradox as G\"odel's first undecidable sentence was related to the Liar paradox. In particular, I consider two different arithemetizations…
Colbeck and Renner [arXiv:0801.2218] analyzed a class of combined models for entanglements in which local and non-local hidden variables cooperate for producing the measurement results. They came to the conclusion that the measurement…
A community of $n$ individuals splits into two camps, Red and Blue. The individuals are connected by a social network, which influences their colors. Everyday, each person changes his/her color according to the majority among his/her…
The funnel plot is a graphical visualisation of summary data estimates from a meta-analysis, and is a useful tool for detecting departures from the standard modelling assumptions. Although perhaps not widely appreciated, a simple extension…
We study a generalization of the classical hidden clique problem to graphs with real-valued edge weights. Formally, we define a hypothesis testing problem. Under the null hypothesis, edges of a complete graph on $n$ vertices are associated…
This paper argues that, insofar as we doubt the bivalence of the Continuum Hypothesis or the truth of the Axiom of Choice, we should also doubt the consistency of third-order arithmetic, both the classical and intuitionistic versions.…
Reed conjectured that the chromatic number of any graph is closer to its clique number than to its maximum degree plus one. We consider a recolouring version of this conjecture, with respect to Kempe changes. Namely, we investigate the…
We colour every point x of a probability space X according to the colours of a finite list x_1, ...., x_k of points such that each of the x_i, as a function of x, is a measure preserving transformation. We ask two questions about a…
We study the statistics and the arithmetic properties of the Robin spectrum of a rectangle. A number of results are obtained for the multiplicities in the spectrum, depending on the Diophantine nature of the aspect ratio. In particular, it…