Related papers: Gauge invariance in phase-gradient metagratings
A recent construction of the electroweak theory, based on perturbative quantum gauge invariance alone, is extended to the case of more generations of fermions with arbitrary mixing. The conditions implied by second order gauge invariance…
Metasurfaces impart phase discontinuities on impinging electromagnetic waves that are typically limited to 0-2$\pi$. Here, we show that they can break free from this limitation and supply arbitrarily-large phase modulation over ultra-wide…
Gauge symmetry plays a key role in our description of subatomic matter. The vanishing photon mass, the long-ranged Coulomb law, and asymptotic freedom are all due to gauge invariance. Recent years have seen tantalizing progress in the…
We propose a multi-field-coupled atomic model that exhibits controllable $symmetric$ and $asymmetric$ evolution of significantly enhanced diffraction peaks in an opto-atomic grating at far-field regime. Such results are obtained by the…
Under white light illumination, gratings produce an angular distribution of wavelengths dependent on the diffraction order and geometric parameters. However, previous studies of gratings are limited to at least one geometric parameter…
We give an introductory account of the recently identified gauge invariance of the equilibrium statistical mechanics of classical many-body systems [J. M\"uller et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 217101 (2024)]. The gauge…
The concept of perturbative gauge invariance formulated exclusively by means of asymptotic fields is generalized to massive gauge fields. Applying it to the electroweak theory leads to a complete fixing of couplings of scalar and ghost…
We demonstrate for the first time and unexpectedly that the Principle of Relativity dictates the choice of the "gauge conditions" in the canonical example of a Gauge Theory namely Classical Electromagnetism. All the known "gauge conditions"…
A new version of the invariant imbedding theory for the propagation of coupled waves in inhomogeneous media is applied to the mode conversion of high frequency electromagnetic waves into electrostatic modes in cold, magnetized and…
The existence of phase resonances in obliquely illuminated, perfectly conducting compound gratings is investigated. The diffraction problem of a p-polarized plane wave impinging on the structure is solved using the modal approach. The…
Although gauge invariance preserves the values of physical observables, a gauge transformation can introduce important alterations of physical interpretations. To understand this, it is first shown that a gauge transformation is not, in…
We demonstrate efficient diffraction of intense ultrashort laser pulses using optical-field-ionization-induced plasma-neutral gratings formed by spatially structured ionization of a neutral molecular gas in the interference field of two…
The gauge-invariance properties and singularity elimination of the modified perturbation theory for QCD introduced in previous works, are investigated. The construction of the modified free propagators is generalized to include the…
In PT-symmetric gratings, asymmetric diffraction can be generated by modulating the ratio between imaginary and real refractive indices. In this paper, a rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) has been developed to analyze the diffraction…
We investigate the modulational instability of plane waves in quadratic nonlinear materials with linear and nonlinear quasi-phase-matching gratings. Exact Floquet calculations, confirmed by numerical simulations, show that the periodicity…
We show that if the visible universe is a membrane embedded in a higher-dimensional space, particles in uniform motion radiate gravitational waves because of spacetime lumpiness. This phenomenon is analogous to the electromagnetic…
The concept of (global) gauge symmetry breaking plays an important role in many areas of physics. Since the corresponding symmetry is a gauge symmetry, its breaking is actually gauge-dependent. Thus, it is possible to design gauges which…
In pseudo integrable systems diffractive scattering caused by wedges and impurities can be described within the framework of Geometric Theory of Diffraction (GDT) in a way similar to the one used in the Periodic Orbit Theory of Diffraction…
Deep generative models (DGMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable success in capturing complex probability distributions over graphs. Although their excellent performance is attributed to powerful and scalable deep neural networks, it is,…
There is considered an extension of gauge theories according to the assumption of a generalized uncertainty principle which implies a minimal length scale. A modification of the usual uncertainty principle implies an extended shape of…