Related papers: Gauge invariance in phase-gradient metagratings
The general reflection and refraction laws at the metasurface with the abrupt phase shift were derived by two different methods of Fermat's principle and the boundary conditions respectively. It is found that one or two critical angles for…
The past decade has witnessed the development of a large variety of new flat optics referred to as metasurfaces [1]. These metasurfaces are relying on arrays of a large variety of phase shifting elements. This article aims at presenting a…
When an electromagnetic wave is obliquely incident on the interface between two homogeneous media with different refractive indices, the requirement of phase continuity across the interface generally leads to a shift in the trajectory of…
We theoretically formulate and experimentally demonstrate an analytical formalism for the design of printed circuit board (PCB) metagratings (MGs) exercising individual control over the amplitude and phase of numerous diffracted modes, in…
Reconfigurable reflectors have a significant potential in future telecommunication systems, and approaches to the design and realization of full and tunable reflection control are now actively studied. Reflectarrays, being the classical…
This paper presents investigations on the generalized laws of refraction and reflection for metasurfaces made of diffractive elements. It introduces a phenomenological model that reproduces all the features of the experiments dedicated to…
Diffraction gratings are famous for their ability to exhibit, near a Wood anomaly, an arbitrarily large angular dispersion, e.g., with respect to the incidence angle or wavelength. For a diffraction grating under incidence by a plane wave…
In this work we use generalized deformed gauge groups for investigation of symmetry of general relativity (GR). GR is formulated in generalized reference frames, which are represented by (anholonomic in general case) affine frame fields.…
Artificial gauge fields enable extending the control over dynamics of uncharged particles, by engineering the potential landscape such that the particles behave as if effective external fields are acting on them. Recent years have witnessed…
Previous analyses on the gauge invariance of the action for a generally covariant system are generalized. It is shown that if the action principle is properly improved, there is as much gauge freedom at the endpoints for an arbitrary gauge…
The chapter contains a detailed presentation of the surface integral theory for modelling light diffraction by surface-relief diffraction gratings having a one-dimensional periodicity. Several different approaches are presented, leading…
We consider perturbative quantum field theory in the causal framework. Gauge invariance is, in this framework, an identity involving chronological products of the interaction Lagrangian; it express the fact that the scattering matrix must…
Gauge symmetries play a fundamental role in Physics, as they provide a mathematical justification for the fundamental forces. Usually, one starts from a non-interactive theory which governs `matter', and features a global symmetry. One then…
Modeling the propagation of gravitational waves (GWs) through matter is complicated by the gauge freedom of linearized gravity in that once nonlinearities are taken into consideration, gauge artifacts can cause spurious acceleration of the…
"Physical theories of fundamental significance tend to be gauge theories. These are theories in which the physical system being dealt with is described by more variables than there are physically independent degree of freedom. The…
Metasurfaces offer significant potential to control far-field light propagation through the engineering of amplitude, polarization, and phase at an interface. We report here phase modulation of an electronically reconfigurable metasurface…
We present a methodology for designing metagratings for perfect anomalous refraction, based on multilayered loaded wire arrays. In recent work, it has been shown that such structures can implement perfect anomalous deflection and beam…
All-reflective interferometer configurations have been proposed for the next generation of gravitational wave detectors, with diffractive elements replacing transmissive optics. However, an additional phase noise creates more stringent…
For gauge theory, the matrix element for any physical process is independent of the gauge used. Since this is a formal statement and examples are known where gauge invariance is violated, for any specific process this gauge invariance needs…
Metasurfaces enable powerful control of electromagnetic waves using subwavelength planar structures, but their deeply subwavelength periodicity typically suppresses propagating diffraction orders, which limits the number of available…