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Related papers: On the Implementation of Behavior Trees in Robotic…

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In industrial applications Finite State Machines (FSMs) are often used to implement decision making policies for autonomous systems. In recent years, the use of Behavior Trees (BT) as an alternative policy representation has gained…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Mattias Hallen , Matteo Iovino , Shiva Sander-Tavallaey , Christian Smith

This paper addresses the concurrency issues affecting Behavior Trees (BTs), a popular tool to model the behaviors of autonomous agents in the video game and the robotics industry. BT designers can easily build complex behaviors composing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Michele Colledanchise , Lorenzo Natale

The Industry 4.0 paradigm manifests the shift towards mass customization and cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) and sets new requirements for industrial automation software in terms of modularity, flexibility, and short development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Aleksandr Sidorenko , Mahdi Rezapour , Achim Wagner , Martin Ruskowski

In recent years, robots are used in an increasing variety of tasks, especially by small- and medium- sized enterprises. These tasks are usually fast-changing, they have a collaborative scenario and happen in unpredictable environments with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Matteo Iovino , Fethiye Irmak Doğan , Iolanda Leite , Christian Smith

In recent years, the model of computation known as Behavior Trees (BT), first developed in the video game industry, has become more popular in the robotics community for defining discrete behavior switching. BTs are threatening to supplant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Joshua M. Zutell , David C. Conner , Philipp Schillinger

Behavior Trees (BTs) are becoming a popular tool to model the behaviors of autonomous agents in the computer game and the robotics industry. One of the key advantages of BTs lies in their composability, where complex behaviors can be built…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Michele Colledanchise , Lorenzo Natale

Autonomous robots combine skills to form increasingly complex behaviors, called missions. While skills are often programmed at a relatively low abstraction level, their coordination is architecturally separated and often expressed in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Razan Ghzouli , Thorsten Berger , Einar Broch Johnsen , Andrzej Wasowski , Swaib Dragule

Behavior Trees (BTs) are high level controllers that have found use in a wide range of robotics tasks. As they grow in popularity and usage, it is crucial to ensure that the appropriate tools and methods are available for ensuring they work…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Serena S. Serbinowska , Nicholas Potteiger , Anne M. Tumlin , Taylor T. Johnson

The possibility to create reactive robot programs faster without the need for extensively trained programmers is becoming increasingly important. So far, it has not been explored how various techniques for creating Behavior Tree (BT)…

In this paper we will give a control theoretic perspective on the research area of behavior trees in robotics. The key idea underlying behavior trees is to make use of modularity, hierarchies and feedback, in order to handle the complexity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Petter Ögren , Christopher I. Sprague

Fast changing tasks in unpredictable, collaborative environments are typical for medium-small companies, where robotised applications are increasing. Thus, robot programs should be generated in short time with small effort, and the robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Oscar Gustavsson , Matteo Iovino , Jonathan Styrud , Christian Smith

Robotic assembly tasks remain an open challenge due to their long horizon nature and complex part relations. Behavior trees (BTs) are increasingly used in robot task planning for their modularity and flexibility, but creating them manually…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Jicong Ao , Fan Wu , Yansong Wu , Abdalla Swikir , Sami Haddadin

Behavior trees (BTs) are a popular method for modeling NPC and enemy AI behavior and have been widely used in commercial games. In this work, rather than use BTs to model game playing agents, we use them for modeling game design agents,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Anurag Sarkar , Seth Cooper

Behavior Trees (BTs) provide a lean set of control flow elements that are easily composable in a modular tree structure. They are well established for modeling the high-level behavior of non-player characters in computer games and recently…

We propose a hybrid combination of active inference and behavior trees (BTs) for reactive action planning and execution in dynamic environments, showing how robotic tasks can be formulated as a free-energy minimization problem. The proposed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Corrado Pezzato , Carlos Hernandez Corbato , Stefan Bonhof , Martijn Wisse

Behavior Trees (BTs) provide a structured and reactive framework for decision-making, commonly used to switch between sub-controllers based on environmental conditions. Reinforcement Learning (RL), on the other hand, can learn near-optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Finn Rietz , Mart Kartašev , Petter Ögren , Johannes A. Stork

Multi-robot teams offer possibilities of improved performance and fault tolerance, compared to single robot solutions. In this paper, we show how to realize those possibilities when starting from a single robot system controlled by a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2015-02-11 Michele Colledanchise , Alejandro Marzinotto , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Petter Ögren

Robotic assistance in robot arm teleoperation tasks has recently gained a lot of traction in industrial and domestic environment. A wide variety of input devices is used in such setups. Due to the noise in the input signals (e.g., Brain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Mohamed Behery , Minh Trinh , Christian Brecher , Gerhard Lakemeyer

In this paper, we show how a planning algorithm can be used to automatically create and update a Behavior Tree (BT), controlling a robot in a dynamic environment. The planning part of the algorithm is based on the idea of back chaining.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Michele Colledanchise , Diogo Almeida , Petter Ögren

In this paper, we present a toolchain to design, execute, and verify robot behaviors. The toolchain follows the guidelines defined by the EU H2020 project RobMoSys and encodes the robot deliberation as a Behavior Tree (BT), a directed tree…