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Today's cyber physical systems (CPS) are not well protected against cyber attacks. Protected CPS often have holes in their defense, due to the manual nature of today's cyber security design process. It is necessary to automate or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Robert Laddaga , Paul Robertson , Howard Shrobe , Dan Cerys , Prakash Manghwani , Patrik Meijer

Critical real-world applications strongly rely on Cyber-physical systems (CPS), but their dependence on communication networks introduces significant security risks, as attackers can exploit vulnerabilities to compromise their integrity and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Samuel Oliveira , Mostafa Tavakkoli Anbarani , Gregory Beal , Ilya Kovalenko , Marcelo Teixeira , André B. Leal , Rômulo Meira-Góes

In this paper, we study the impact of stealthy attacks on the Cyber-Physical System (CPS) modeled as a stochastic linear system. An attack is characterised by a malicious injection into the system through input, output or both, and it is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-06 Tianju Sui , Yilin Mo , Damián Marelli , Ximing Sun , Minyue Fu

Recently, it has been widely accepted by the research community that interactions between humans and cyber-physical infrastructures have played a significant role in determining the performance of the latter. The existing paradigm for…

Safety risk assessment is an essential process to ensure a dependable Cyber-Physical System (CPS) design. Traditional risk assessment considers only physical failures. For modern CPS, failures caused by cyber attacks are on the rise. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Ashraf Tantawy , Sherif Abdelwahed , Abdelkarim Erradi

Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPSs), such as automated car manufacturing plants, execute a configurable sequence of production steps to manufacture products from a product portfolio. In CPPS engineering, domain experts start with…

Cyber-physical systems of systems (CPSoS) are highly complex, dynamic environments in which technical, cybernetic and organisational subsystems interact closely with one another. Dynamic, continuously adaptable resilience is required to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Elisabeth Vogel , Peter Langendörfer

In remote estimation of cyber-physical systems (CPSs), sensor measurements transmitted through network may be attacked by adversaries, leading to leakage risk of privacy (e.g., the system state), and/or failure of the remote estimator. To…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-15 Tao Chen , Andreu Cecilia , Daniele Astolfi , Lei Wang , Zhitao Liu , Hongye Su

While procedures prevail on the European market for the greater good of its citizens, it might be daunting when trying to introduce a product, whether innovative or not. In the current world, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are ubiquitous in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Guillaume Nguyen , Manon Knockaert , Michael Lognoul , Xavier Devroey

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) have been broadly deployed in safety-critical domains, such as automotive systems, avionics, medical devices, etc. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly adopted to control CPS.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Jiayang Song , Deyun Lyu , Zhenya Zhang , Zhijie Wang , Tianyi Zhang , Lei Ma

As cyber-physical systems (CPSs) become more dependent on data and communication networks, their vulnerability to false data injection (FDI) attacks has raised significant concerns. Among these, stealthy attacks, those that evade…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Mischa Huisman , Erjen Lefeber , Nathan van de Wouw , Carlos Murguia

One of the main challenges in integrating Cyber-Physical System-of-Systems (CPSoS) to function as a single unified system is the autonomy of its Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), which may lead to a lack of coordination among CPSs and results…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Mohamad Gharib , Paolo Lollini , Andrea Ceccarelli , Andrea Bondavalli

In this paper, we address two main problems in the context of covert cyber-attacks in cyber-physical systems (CPS). First, we aim to investigate and develop necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of disruption resources of the CPS…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-10 Mahdi Taheri , Khashayar Khorasani , Nader Meskin

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a ubiquitous system connecting many different devices - the things - which can be accessed from the distance. The cyber-physical systems (CPS) monitor and control the things from the distance. As a result,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Denise Ratasich , Faiq Khalid , Florian Geissler , Radu Grosu , Muhammad Shafique , Ezio Bartocci

Optimizing CPS behavior in terms of energy consumption can have a significant impact on system reliability. The environment influences the system's behavior, and neglecting the environmental behavior has an indirect negative impact on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Reza Soltani , Eun-Young Kang , Juan Esteban Heredia Mena

The frequency of disruptive and newly emerging threats (e.g. man-made attacks--cyber and physical attacks; extreme natural events--hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods) has escalated dramatically in the last decade. Impacts of these events…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Narayan Bhusal , Mukesh Gautam , Michael Abdelmalak , Mohammed Benidris

There has been an unprecedented digitization drive in the industrial sector, especially in the maritime industry. The profusion of intelligent electronic devices and IOT-enabled cyber-physical systems (CPS) has helped in the efficient use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Mohammad Ammar , Irfan Ahmad Khan

Cyber Physical Systems are systems controlled or monitored by computer-based programs, tightly integrated networks, sensors, and actuators. Software development of CPS has become so difficult that it represents most of the cost of CPS…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Etienne Borde

Most cyber-physical systems (CPS) encounter a large volume of data which is added to the system gradually in real time and not altogether in advance. In this paper, we provide a theoretical framework that yields optimal control strategies…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Andreas A. Malikopoulos

Cyber-physical systems integrate computation, communication, and physical capabilities to interact with the physical world and humans. Besides failures of components, cyber-physical systems are prone to malignant attacks, and specific…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-03-13 Fabio Pasqualetti , Florian Dörfler , Francesco Bullo