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Deep neural networks are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples, where a perturbation in the input space leads to an amplified shift in the latent network representation. In this paper, we combine canonical supervised learning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-02 Changhao Shi , Chester Holtz , Gal Mishne

Black-box query-based attacks constitute significant threats to Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) systems since they can generate adversarial examples without accessing the target model's architecture and parameters. Traditional defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ping Guo , Xiang Li , Zhiyuan Yang , Xi Lin , Qingchuan Zhao , Qingfu Zhang

We propose a novel deterministic purification method to improve adversarial robustness by mapping a potentially adversarial sample toward a nearby sample that lies close to a mode of the data distribution, where classifiers are more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Vinh Hoang , Sebastian Krumscheid , Holger Rauhut , Raúl Tempone

With the rise in popularity of machine and deep learning models, there is an increased focus on their vulnerability to malicious inputs. These adversarial examples drift model predictions away from the original intent of the network and are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Richard Tran , David Patrick , Michael Geyer , Amanda Fernandez

Deep neural networks recognize objects by analyzing local image details and summarizing their information along the inference layers to derive the final decision. Because of this, they are prone to adversarial attacks. Small sophisticated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Zhiqun Zhao , Hengyou Wang , Hao Sun , Zhihai He

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown vulnerability to adversarial attacks, i.e., carefully perturbed inputs designed to mislead the network at inference time. Recently introduced localized attacks, Localized and Visible Adversarial Noise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Muzammal Naseer , Salman H. Khan , Fatih Porikli

Deep learning models have achieved great success in many fields, yet they are vulnerable to adversarial examples. This paper follows a causal perspective to look into the adversarial vulnerability and proposes Causal Intervention by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Haiteng Zhao , Chang Ma , Xinshuai Dong , Anh Tuan Luu , Zhi-Hong Deng , Hanwang Zhang

The safety and robustness of learning-based decision-making systems are under threats from adversarial examples, as imperceptible perturbations can mislead neural networks to completely different outputs. In this paper, we present an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Chao Tang , Yifei Fan , Anthony Yezzi

Recent advancements in masked image modeling (MIM) have made it a prevailing framework for self-supervised visual representation learning. The MIM pretrained models, like most deep neural network methods, remain vulnerable to adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Zunzhi You , Daochang Liu , Bohyung Han , Chang Xu

Advances in adversarial defenses have led to a significant improvement in the robustness of Deep Neural Networks. However, the robust accuracy of present state-ofthe-art defenses is far from the requirements in critical applications such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Sravanti Addepalli , Samyak Jain , Gaurang Sriramanan , R. Venkatesh Babu

We show how to turn any classifier that classifies well under Gaussian noise into a new classifier that is certifiably robust to adversarial perturbations under the $\ell_2$ norm. This "randomized smoothing" technique has been proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Jeremy M Cohen , Elan Rosenfeld , J. Zico Kolter

Randomized smoothing has become essential for achieving certified adversarial robustness in machine learning models. However, current methods primarily use isotropic noise distributions that are uniform across all data dimensions, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hanbin Hong , Ashish Kundu , Ali Payani , Binghui Wang , Yuan Hong

Any classifier can be "smoothed out" under Gaussian noise to build a new classifier that is provably robust to $\ell_2$-adversarial perturbations, viz., by averaging its predictions over the noise via randomized smoothing. Under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Jongheon Jeong , Seojin Kim , Jinwoo Shin

Neural models enjoy widespread use across a variety of tasks and have grown to become crucial components of many industrial systems. Despite their effectiveness and extensive popularity, they are not without their exploitable flaws.…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Krishan Rajaratnam , Jugal Kalita

A reliable application of deep neural network classifiers requires robustness certificates against adversarial perturbations. Gaussian smoothing is a widely analyzed approach to certifying robustness against norm-bounded perturbations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Hossein Goli , Farzan Farnia

Deep learning based image classification models are shown vulnerable to adversarial attacks by injecting deliberately crafted noises to clean images. To defend against adversarial attacks in a training-free and attack-agnostic manner, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Li Ding , Yongwei Wang , Xin Ding , Kaiwen Yuan , Ping Wang , Hua Huang , Z. Jane Wang

Randomized classifiers have been shown to provide a promising approach for achieving certified robustness against adversarial attacks in deep learning. However, most existing methods only leverage Gaussian smoothing noise and only work for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Dinghuai Zhang , Mao Ye , Chengyue Gong , Zhanxing Zhu , Qiang Liu

Clustering algorithms play a fundamental role as tools in decision-making and sensible automation processes. Due to the widespread use of these applications, a robustness analysis of this family of algorithms against adversarial noise has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Antonio Emanuele Cinà , Alessandro Torcinovich , Marcello Pelillo

This paper presents a novel context-aware image denoising algorithm that combines an adaptive image smoothing technique and color reduction techniques to remove perturbation from adversarial images. Adaptive image smoothing is achieved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Li-Yun Wang , Yeganeh Jalalpour , Wu-chi Feng

We consider adversarial examples for image classification in the black-box decision-based setting. Here, an attacker cannot access confidence scores, but only the final label. Most attacks for this scenario are either unreliable or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-30 Thomas Brunner , Frederik Diehl , Michael Truong Le , Alois Knoll