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In this paper, we propose a novel neural network model called RNN Encoder-Decoder that consists of two recurrent neural networks (RNN). One RNN encodes a sequence of symbols into a fixed-length vector representation, and the other decodes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-09-04 Kyunghyun Cho , Bart van Merrienboer , Caglar Gulcehre , Dzmitry Bahdanau , Fethi Bougares , Holger Schwenk , Yoshua Bengio

Expressive text encoders such as RNNs and Transformer Networks have been at the center of NLP models in recent work. Most of the effort has focused on sentence-level tasks, capturing the dependencies between words in a single sentence, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Manuel Widmoser , Maria Leonor Pacheco , Jean Honorio , Dan Goldwasser

Contextual word representations derived from large-scale neural language models are successful across a diverse set of NLP tasks, suggesting that they encode useful and transferable features of language. To shed light on the linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-29 Nelson F. Liu , Matt Gardner , Yonatan Belinkov , Matthew E. Peters , Noah A. Smith

Neural networks trained on natural language processing tasks capture syntax even though it is not provided as a supervision signal. This indicates that syntactic analysis is essential to the understating of language in artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Tomasz Limisiewicz , David Mareček

Document Grounded Conversations is a task to generate dialogue responses when chatting about the content of a given document. Obviously, document knowledge plays a critical role in Document Grounded Conversations, while existing dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Zekang Li , Cheng Niu , Fandong Meng , Yang Feng , Qian Li , Jie Zhou

Despite being designed for performance rather than cognitive plausibility, transformer language models have been found to be better at predicting metrics used to assess human language comprehension than language models with other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-21 James A. Michaelov , Megan D. Bardolph , Seana Coulson , Benjamin K. Bergen

Automatic evaluation of text generation is essential for improving the accuracy of generation tasks. In light of the current trend towards increasingly larger decoder-based language models, we investigate automatic evaluation methods based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Tomohito Kasahara , Daisuke Kawahara

Despite deep recurrent neural networks (RNNs) demonstrate strong performance in text classification, training RNN models are often expensive and requires an extensive collection of annotated data which may not be available. To overcome the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Xueying Bai , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang

To understand the algorithm that supports the human brain's language representation, previous research has attempted to predict neural responses to linguistic stimuli using embeddings generated by artificial neural networks (ANNs), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Jingyuan Sun , Xiaohan Zhang , Marie-Francine Moens

Recently it was shown that linguistic structure predicted by a supervised parser can be beneficial for neural machine translation (NMT). In this work we investigate a more challenging setup: we incorporate sentence structure as a latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Jasmijn Bastings , Wilker Aziz , Ivan Titov , Khalil Sima'an

Due to its effectiveness and performance, the Transformer translation model has attracted wide attention, most recently in terms of probing-based approaches. Previous work focuses on using or probing source linguistic features in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Hongfei Xu , Josef van Genabith , Qiuhui Liu , Deyi Xiong

The Transformer architecture has become a dominant choice in many domains, such as natural language processing and computer vision. Yet, it has not achieved competitive performance on popular leaderboards of graph-level prediction compared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Chengxuan Ying , Tianle Cai , Shengjie Luo , Shuxin Zheng , Guolin Ke , Di He , Yanming Shen , Tie-Yan Liu

The multimodal models used in the emerging field at the intersection of computational linguistics and computer vision implement the bottom-up processing of the `Hub and Spoke' architecture proposed in cognitive science to represent how the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Ravi Shekhar , Ece Takmaz , Raquel Fernández , Raffaella Bernardi

This paper investigates efficient methods for utilizing text-only data to improve speech recognition, focusing on encoder-dominated models that facilitate faster recognition. We provide a comprehensive comparison of techniques to integrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Albert Zeyer , Tim Posielek , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Decoding strategies play a crucial role in natural language generation systems. They are usually designed and evaluated in open-ended text-only tasks, and it is not clear how different strategies handle the numerous challenges that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Amit Kumar Chaudhary , Alex J. Lucassen , Ioanna Tsani , Alberto Testoni

Encoder-decoder architecture is widely adopted for sequence-to-sequence modeling tasks. For machine translation, despite the evolution from long short-term memory networks to Transformer networks, plus the introduction and development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Yingbo Gao , Christian Herold , Zijian Yang , Hermann Ney

Remote Sensing Image Captioning (RSIC) is the process of generating meaningful descriptions from remote sensing images. Recently, it has gained significant attention, with encoder-decoder models serving as the backbone for generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Swadhin Das , Saarthak Gupta , Kamal Kumar , Raksha Sharma

Direct speech-to-text translation systems encounter an important drawback in data scarcity. A common solution consists on pretraining the encoder on automatic speech recognition, hence losing efficiency in the training process. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Belen Alastruey , Gerard I. Gállego , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Extracting dense representations for terms and phrases is a task of great importance for knowledge discovery platforms targeting highly-technical fields. Dense representations are used as features for downstream components and have multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Francesco Fusco , Diego Antognini

Recent studies on interpreting the hidden states of speech models have shown their ability to capture speaker-specific features, including gender. Does this finding also hold for speech translation (ST) models? If so, what are the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Dennis Fucci , Marco Gaido , Matteo Negri , Luisa Bentivogli , Andre Martins , Giuseppe Attanasio