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Finetuning language models (LMs) is crucial for adapting the models to downstream data and tasks. However, full finetuning is usually costly. Existing work, such as parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT), often focuses on \textit{how to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang

Prompt tuning has been an extremely effective tool to adapt a pre-trained model to downstream tasks. However, standard prompt-based methods mainly consider the case of sufficient data of downstream tasks. It is still unclear whether the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Ping Yu , Wei Wang , Chunyuan Li , Ruiyi Zhang , Zhanpeng Jin , Changyou Chen

The state-of-the-art pre-trained language representation models, such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), rarely incorporate commonsense knowledge or other knowledge explicitly. We propose a pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Zhi-Xiu Ye , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Zhen-Hua Ling

In the domain of computer vision, Parameter-Efficient Tuning (PET) is increasingly replacing the traditional paradigm of pre-training followed by full fine-tuning. PET is particularly favored for its effectiveness in large foundation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Jiaqi Huang , Zunnan Xu , Ting Liu , Yong Liu , Haonan Han , Kehong Yuan , Xiu Li

We introduce a new language representation model called BERT, which stands for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. Unlike recent language representation models, BERT is designed to pre-train deep bidirectional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Jacob Devlin , Ming-Wei Chang , Kenton Lee , Kristina Toutanova

Instruction Fine-Tuning enhances pre-trained language models from basic next-word prediction to complex instruction-following. However, existing One-off Instruction Fine-Tuning (One-off IFT) method, applied on a diverse instruction, may not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Wei Pang , Chuan Zhou , Xiao-Hua Zhou , Xiaojie Wang

Language model fine-tuning is essential for modern natural language processing, but is computationally expensive and time-consuming. Further, the effectiveness of fine-tuning is limited by the inclusion of training examples that negatively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Richard Antonello , Nicole Beckage , Javier Turek , Alexander Huth

Fine-tuning is an important step in adapting foundation models such as large language models to downstream tasks. To make this step more accessible to users with limited computational budgets, it is crucial to develop fine-tuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Cen-Jhih Li , Aditya Bhaskara

Fine-tuning is the de facto way to leverage large pretrained language models to perform downstream tasks. However, it modifies all the language model parameters and therefore necessitates storing a full copy for each task. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Xiang Lisa Li , Percy Liang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques, such as adapter tuning, aim to fine-tune a pre-trained language model (PLM) using a minimal number of parameters for a specific task or profile. Although adapter tuning provides increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Namju Kwak , Taesup Kim

State-of-the-art neural (re)rankers are notoriously data-hungry which -- given the lack of large-scale training data in languages other than English -- makes them rarely used in multilingual and cross-lingual retrieval settings. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Robert Litschko , Ivan Vulić , Goran Glavaš

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is a popular class of techniques that strive to adapt large models in a scalable and resource-efficient manner. Yet, the mechanisms underlying their training performance and generalization remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zahra Rahimi Afzal , Tara Esmaeilbeig , Mojtaba Soltanalian , Mesrob I. Ohannessian

Although massive pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP show impressive generalization capabilities for many tasks, still it often remains necessary to fine-tune them for improved performance on specific datasets. When doing so, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Moritz Ibing , Isaak Lim , Leif Kobbelt

The invention of transformer-based models such as BERT, GPT, and RoBERTa has enabled researchers and financial companies to finetune these powerful models and use them in different downstream tasks to achieve state-of-the-art performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Sudhandar Balakrishnan , Yihao Fang , Xioadan Zhu

With the growing burden of training deep learning models with large data sets, transfer-learning has been widely adopted in many emerging deep learning algorithms. Transformer models such as BERT are the main player in natural language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Mujahid Al Rafi , Yuan Feng , Hyeran Jeon

This study explores the effectiveness of layer pruning for developing more efficient BERT models tailored to specific downstream tasks in low-resource languages. Our primary objective is to evaluate whether pruned BERT models can maintain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Mayur Shirke , Amey Shembade , Madhushri Wagh , Pavan Thorat , Raviraj Joshi

This article focuses on large language models (LLMs) fine-tuning in the scarce data regime (also known as the "few-shot" learning setting). We propose a method to increase the generalization capabilities of LLMs based on neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Louis Falissard , Vincent Guigue , Laure Soulier

We consider the task of few-shot intent detection, which involves training a deep learning model to classify utterances based on their underlying intents using only a small amount of labeled data. The current approach to address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Haode Zhang , Haowen Liang , Liming Zhan , Albert Y. S. Lam , Xiao-Ming Wu

Parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) methods seek to adapt large neural models via updates to a small number of weights. However, much prior interpretability work has shown that representations encode rich semantic information, suggesting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zhengxuan Wu , Aryaman Arora , Zheng Wang , Atticus Geiger , Dan Jurafsky , Christopher D. Manning , Christopher Potts

We propose a simple method for automatic speech recognition (ASR) by fine-tuning BERT, which is a language model (LM) trained on large-scale unlabeled text data and can generate rich contextual representations. Our assumption is that given…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Wen-Chin Huang , Chia-Hua Wu , Shang-Bao Luo , Kuan-Yu Chen , Hsin-Min Wang , Tomoki Toda