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We present a practical implementation of the ensemble Kalman (EnKF) filter based on an iterative Sherman-Morrison formula. The new direct method exploits the special structure of the ensemble-estimated error covariance matrices in order to…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-02-03 Elias D. Nino-Ruiz , Adrian Sandu , Jeffrey Anderson

This paper develops an efficient implementation of the ensemble Kalman filter based on a modified Cholesky decomposition for inverse covariance matrix estimation. This implementation is named EnKF-MC. Background errors corresponding to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-31 Elias D. Nino , Adrian Sandu , Xinwei Deng

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a popular technique for performing inference in state-space models (SSMs), particularly when the dynamic process is high-dimensional. Unlike reweighting methods such as sequential Monte Carlo (SMC, i.e.…

In this work we employ importance sampling (IS) techniques to track a small over-threshold probability of a running maximum associated with the solution of a stochastic differential equation (SDE) within the framework of ensemble Kalman…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Nadhir Ben Rached , Erik von Schwerin , Gaukhar Shaimerdenova , Raul Tempone

The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) belongs to the class of iterative particle filtering methods and can be used for solving control--to--observable inverse problems. In this context, the EnKF is known as Ensemble Kalman Inversion (EKI). In…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-02-17 Dieter Armbruster , Michael Herty , Giuseppe Visconti

The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is a popular sequential data assimilation method that has been increasingly used for parameter estimation and forecast prediction in epidemiological studies. The observation function plays a critical role…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-20 Leah Mitchell , Andrea Arnold

The iterative ensemble Kalman filter (IEnKF) in a deterministic framework was introduced in Sakov et al. (2012) to extend the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and improve its performance in mildly up to strongly nonlinear cases. However, the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-10-17 Pavel Sakov , Jean-Matthieu Haussaire , Marc Bocquet

This paper uses a probabilistic approach to analyze the converge of an ensemble Kalman filter solution to an exact Kalman filter solution in the simplest possible setting, the scalar case, as it allows us to build upon a rich literature of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-31 Andrey A Popov , Adrian Sandu

State-of-the-art ensemble Kalman filtering (EnKF) algorithms require incorporating localization techniques to cope with the rank deficiency and the inherited spurious correlations in their error covariance matrices. Localization techniques…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Boujemaa Ait-El-Fquih , Ibrahim Hoteit

Parameter estimation has a high importance in the geosciences. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) allows parameter estimation for large, time-dependent systems. For large systems, the EnKF is applied using small ensembles, which may lead to…

Applications · Statistics 2021-08-05 Johannes Keller , Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen , Wolfgang Nowak

Data assimilation combines information from models, measurements, and priors to estimate the state of a dynamical system such as the atmosphere. The Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a family of ensemble-based data assimilation approaches…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2014-12-09 Ahmed Attia , Adrian Sandu

Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is an important data assimilation method for high dimensional geophysical systems. Efficient implementation of EnKF in practice often involves the localization technique, which updates each component using only…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-04-04 Xin T. Tong

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has become a standard methodology for state estimation in high-dimensional systems, yet its various stochastic and deterministic formulations often appear conceptually disconnected. In this paper, a unified…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Jin Won Kim

Data assimilation plays a key role in large-scale atmospheric weather forecasting, where the state of the physical system is estimated from model outputs and observations, and is then used as initial condition to produce accurate future…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-13 Azam Moosavi , Ahmed Attia , Adrian Sandu

In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm for rare event estimation based on adaptive importance sampling. We consider a smoothed version of the optimal importance sampling density, which is approximated by an ensemble of interacting…

Computation · Statistics 2023-04-19 Konstantin Althaus , Iason Papaioannou , Elisabeth Ullmann

The Bootstrap Particle Filter (BPF) and the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) are two widely used methods for sequential Bayesian filtering: the BPF is asymptotically exact but can suffer from weight degeneracy, while the EnKF scales well in…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-28 Ilja Klebanov , Claudia Schillings , Dana Wrischnig

The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), as a fundamental data assimilation approach, has been widely used in many fields of the sciences and engineering. When the state variable is of high dimensional accompanied with high resolution…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-18 Shouxia Wang , Hao-Xuan Sun , Song Xi Chen

Many applications, such as intermittent data assimilation, lead to a recursive application of Bayesian inference within a Monte Carlo context. Popular data assimilation algorithms include sequential Monte Carlo methods and ensemble Kalman…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-01-15 Sebastian Reich

Ensemble methods such as the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) are widely used for data assimilation in large-scale geophysical applications, as for example in numerical weather prediction (NWP). There is a growing interest for physical models…

Applications · Statistics 2018-08-01 Sylvain Robert , Hans R. Künsch

We propose a regularization method for ensemble Kalman filtering (EnKF) with elliptic observation operators. Commonly used EnKF regularization methods suppress state correlations at long distances. For observations described by elliptic…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-04-24 Mathieu Le Provost , Ricardo Baptista , Youssef Marzouk , Jeff D. Eldredge