Related papers: The Concept, Types and Structure of Corruption
This review provides an overview of current research on the known characteristics and motivations of offenders engaging in cyber-dependent crimes. Due to the shifting dynamics of cybercriminal behaviour, and the availability of prior…
In this chapter, concepts related to information and computation are reviewed in the context of human computation. A brief introduction to information theory and different types of computation is given. Two examples of human computation…
The institution of money can be seen as a foundational social mechanism, enabling communities to quantify collectively regulate economic processes. Money can be said, indeed, to constitute the micro-macro link in economics. This paper…
A theoretical self-sustainable economic model is established based on the fundamental factors of production, consumption, reservation and reinvestment, where currency is set as a unconditional credit symbol serving as transaction equivalent…
This short paper gives an introduction to a research project to analyze how digital documents are structured and described. Using a phenomenological approach, this research will reveal common patterns that are used in data, independent from…
A number of topics in analysis are discussed, with emphasis on basic principles. There is some overlap with "Elements of linear and real analysis" (arXiv:math/0108030), with numerous changes in content and presentation since then.
This is a review article on the development of the probe and enclosure methods from past to present, focused on their central ideas together with various applications.
Two taxonomies of money that include cryptocurrencies are analyzed. A definition of the term cryptocurrency is given and a taxonomy of them is presented, based on how its price is fixed. The characteristics of the use of current fiat money…
The article presents a translation of some widespread financial terminology into the language of decision theory. For instance, financial leverage can be regarded as an object of choice or a decision. We show how the optics of decision…
Typical arguments against scientific misconduct generally fail to support current policies on research fraud: they may not prove wrong what is usually considered research misconduct and they tend to make wrong things that are not normally…
We answer a question of Alon, Mossel, and Pemantle about the corruption detection model on graphs in the noisy setting.
This paper concentrates on the representation of the legal relations that obtain between parties once they have entered a contractual agreement and their evolution as the agreement progresses through time. Contracts are regarded as process…
Using Brazilian municipal audit reports, I construct an automated corruption index that combines a dictionary of audit irregularities with principal component analysis. The index validates strongly against independent human coders,…
The fundamental elements of evidential reasoning problems are described, followed by a discussion of the structure of various types of problems. Bayesian inference networks and state space formalism are used as the tool for problem…
With the growing popularity and rising value of cryptocurrencies, skepticism surrounding this groundbreaking innovation persists. Many financial and business experts argue that the value created in the cryptocurrency realm resembles the…
This note aims at obtaining a variational characterization of complex structures by means of a calculus of variations for real vector bundle valued differential forms, and outlines a perspective to study existence questions via functionals…
We treat the classical notion of convexity in the context of hard real analysis. Definitions of the concept are given in terms of defining functions and quadratic forms, and characterizations are provided of different concrete notions of…
This article summarises a Web-book on "Complexity" that was developed to introduce undergraduate students to interesting complex systems in the biological, physical and social sciences, and the common tools, principles and concepts used for…
Based on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) surveys and conducting a panel data estimation to test our hypothesis, this paper examines whether corruption perceptions might sand or grease the wheels for entrepreneurship inside…
The treatment of systematic errors is often mishandled. This is due to lack of understanding and education, based on a fundamental ambiguity as to what is meant by the term. This note addresses the problems and offers guidance to good…