Related papers: The Concept, Types and Structure of Corruption
Most real systems consist of a large number of interacting, multi-typed components, while most contemporary researches model them as homogeneous networks, without distinguishing different types of objects and links in the networks.…
Plagiarism is a crime against academy. It deceives readers, hurts plagiarized authors, and gets the plagiarist undeserved benefits. However, even though these arguments do show that copying other people's intellectual contribution is wrong,…
E-crime has had various definitions for different countries and organisations. There is no universal definition of E-crime and therefore the interpretation is left to cybercrime investigators and judges to apply related crimes to within the…
Money was invented to address the difficulty in the double coincidence of wants between the supply and demand when people exchanged their goods and services. There are two information states in society: one is the initial state that people…
Cryptocurrency is something that we have all heard about recently, most likely preceded by bitcoin, and how much its prices have boomed over the decade. These cryptocurrencies are actually based on blockchain, a secure datatype, and…
Though crime is linked to different socio-economic factors, it exhibits remarkable regularities regardless of cities' particularities. In this chapter, we consider two fundamental regularities in crime regarding two essential aspects of…
Economic transformation -- change in what an economy produces -- is foundational to development and rising standards of living. Our understanding of this process has been propelled recently by two branches of work in the field of economic…
This paper shows the initial stages of development, from first principles, of a formal logic to characterise and then explore issues in a broadly defined idea of Veracity, which includes properties of demonstrability, truth, trust and…
This paper is a personal overview of the efforts over the last half century to understand fluid turbulence in terms of simpler coherent units. The consequences of chaos and the concept of coherence are first reviewed, using examples from…
We introduce judgemental theories and their calculi as a general framework to present and study deductive systems. As an exemplification of their expressivity, we approach dependent type theory and natural deduction as special kinds of…
Crime linkage is the process of analyzing criminal behavior data to determine whether a pair or group of crime cases are connected or belong to a series of offenses. This domain has been extensively studied by researchers in sociology,…
Subject of research is complex networks and network systems. The network system is defined as a complex network in which flows are moved. Classification of flows in the network is carried out on the basis of ordering and continuity. It is…
This paper discusses system consequence, a central idea in the project to lift the theory of information flow to the abstract level of universal logic and the theory of institutions. The theory of information flow is a theory of distributed…
This article examines the subtle relationship between chaos and randomness, two concepts that, although they refer to seemingly unpredictable phenomenon, are based on fundamentally different principles. Chaos manifests in deterministic…
In logic there is a clear concept of what constitutes a proof and what not. A proof is essentially defined as a finite sequence of formulae which are either axioms or derived by proof rules from formulae earlier in the sequence.…
Predicting crime using machine learning and deep learning techniques has gained considerable attention from researchers in recent years, focusing on identifying patterns and trends in crime occurrences. This review paper examines over 150…
Fixed income markets share many features with the equity markets. However there are significant differences as well and many attempts have been done in the past to develop specific tools which describe (and possibly forecasts) the behavior…
This paper is a survey discussing Information Retrieval concepts, methods, and applications. It goes deep into the document and query modelling involved in IR systems, in addition to pre-processing operations such as removing stop words and…
Entropy is a very useful concept from physics that tries to explain how a system behaves from a point of view of the thermodynamics. However, there are two ways to explain entropy, and it depends on if we are studying a microsystem or a…
Introduction to the theory of decoherence. Contents: 1. The phenomenon of decoherence: superpositions, superselection rules, decoherence by "measurements". 2. Observables as a derivable concept. 3. The measurement problem. 4. Density…