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There have been extensive studies on learning in zero-sum games, focusing on the analysis of the existence and algorithmic convergence of Nash equilibrium (NE). Existing studies mainly focus on symmetric games where the strategy spaces of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yuheng Li , Panpan Wang , Haipeng Chen

Current approximate Coarse Correlated Equilibria (CCE) algorithms struggle with equilibrium approximation for games in large stochastic environments but are theoretically guaranteed to converge to a strong solution concept. In contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Ryan Yu , Mateusz Nowak , Qintong Xie , Michelle Yilin Feng , Peter Chin

Training multi-agent systems (MAS) to achieve realistic equilibria gives us a useful tool to understand and model real-world systems. We consider a general sum partially observable Markov game where agents of different types share a single…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Nelson Vadori , Sumitra Ganesh , Prashant Reddy , Manuela Veloso

In interactive multi-agent settings, decision-making and planning are challenging mainly due to the agents' interconnected objectives. Dynamic game theory offers a formal framework for analyzing such intricacies. Yet, solving constrained…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Maulik Bhatt , Yixuan Jia , Negar Mehr

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) -- where multiple agents learn to interact in a shared dynamic environment -- permeates across a wide range of critical applications. While there has been substantial progress on understanding the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Shicong Cen , Yuejie Chi , Simon S. Du , Lin Xiao

In this paper, we introduce a two-player zero-sum framework between a trainable \emph{Solver} and a \emph{Data Generator} to improve the generalization ability of deep learning-based solvers for Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Grounded in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Chenguang Wang , Yaodong Yang , Oliver Slumbers , Congying Han , Tiande Guo , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

We define a class of zero-sum games with combinatorial structure, where the best response problem of one player is to maximize a submodular function. For example, this class includes security games played on networks, as well as the problem…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-04 Bryan Wilder

For solving zero-sum games involving non-transitivity, a useful approach is to maintain a policy population to approximate the Nash Equilibrium (NE). Previous studies have shown that the Policy Space Response Oracles (PSRO) algorithm is an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jiesong Lian , Yucong Huang , Chengdong Ma , Mingzhi Wang , Ying Wen , Long Hu , Yixue Hao

Solving strategic games with huge action space is a critical yet under-explored topic in economics, operations research and artificial intelligence. This paper proposes new learning algorithms for solving two-player zero-sum normal-form…

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is increasingly used to design learning-enabled agents that interact in shared environments. However, training MARL algorithms in general-sum games remains challenging: learning dynamics can become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Addison Kalanther , Sanika Bharvirkar , Shankar Sastry , Chinmay Maheshwari

We study the problem of computing optimal correlated equilibria (CEs) in infinite-horizon multi-player stochastic games, where correlation signals are provided over time. In this setting, optimal CEs require history-dependent policies; this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jiarui Gan , Rupak Majumdar

In the literature on game-theoretic equilibrium finding, focus has mainly been on solving a single game in isolation. In practice, however, strategic interactions -- ranging from routing problems to online advertising auctions -- evolve…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Keegan Harris , Ioannis Anagnostides , Gabriele Farina , Mikhail Khodak , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Tuomas Sandholm

We present a novel, game theoretic representation of a multi-agent prediction market using a partially observable stochastic game with information (POSGI). We then describe a correlated equilibrium (CE)-based solution strategy for this game…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2012-03-28 Janyl Jumadinova , Prithviraj Dasgupta

The interplay between exploration and exploitation in competitive multi-agent learning is still far from being well understood. Motivated by this, we study smooth Q-learning, a prototypical learning model that explicitly captures the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Stefanos Leonardos , Georgios Piliouras , Kelly Spendlove

Although multi-agent reinforcement learning can tackle systems of strategically interacting entities, it currently fails in scalability and lacks rigorous convergence guarantees. Crucially, learning in multi-agent systems can become…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-03-15 David Mguni , Joel Jennings , Enrique Munoz de Cote

Scalable multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) remains a central challenge for AI. Existing population-based methods, like Policy-Space Response Oracles, PSRO, require storing explicit policy populations and constructing full payoff…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Alakh Sharma , Gaurish Trivedi , Kartikey Singh Bhandari , Yash Sinha , Dhruv Kumar , Pratik Narang , Jagat Sesh Challa

In a discrete space and time framework, we study the mean field game limit for a class of symmetric $N$-player games based on the notion of correlated equilibrium. We give a definition of correlated solution that allows to construct…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Ofelia Bonesini , Luciano Campi , Markus Fischer

We study the problem of finding equilibrium strategies in multi-agent games with incomplete payoff information, where the payoff matrices are only known to the players up to some bounded uncertainty sets. In such games, an ex-post…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Wenshuo Guo , Mihaela Curmei , Serena Wang , Benjamin Recht , Michael I. Jordan

Two-team zero-sum games are one of the most important paradigms in game theory. In this paper, we focus on finding an unexploitable equilibrium in large team games. An unexploitable equilibrium is a worst-case policy, where members in the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Naming Liu , Mingzhi Wang , Youzhi Zhang , Yaodong Yang , Bo An , Ying Wen

We present a new approach to solving games with a countably or uncountably infinite number of players. Such games are often used to model multiagent systems with a large number of agents. The latter are frequently encountered in economics,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Carlos Martin , Tuomas Sandholm