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We implemented, optimized and fully tested over multiple runs a superconducting Josephson junction fabrication process tailored for the integrated digital circuits that are used for control and readout of superconducting qubits operating at…

We have developed a combined photolithography and electron-beam lithography fabrication process for sub-\mum to \mum-size Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb Josephson junctions. In order to define the junction size and protect its top electrode during anodic…

Superconductivity · Physics 2011-02-14 Christoph Kaiser , J. M. Meckbach , K. Ilin , J. Lisenfeld , R. Schäfer , A. V. Ustinov , M. Siegel

Improvements in circuit design and more recently in materials and surface cleaning have contributed to a rapid development of coherent superconducting qubits. However, organic resists commonly used for shadow evaporation of Josephson…

Quantum processors using superconducting qubits suffer from dielectric loss leading to noise and dissipation. Qubits are usually designed as large capacitor pads connected to a non-linear Josephson junction (or SQUID) by a superconducting…

By using the dry etching process of tantalum (Ta) film, we had obtained transmon qubit with the best lifetime (T1) 503 us, suggesting that the dry etching process can be adopted in the following multi-qubit fabrication with Ta film. We also…

A minimal method to fabricate Al/AlO$_x$/Al Josephson junctions (JJs) using photolithography and argon etching, before metallization and oxidation, is demonstrated. JJs with areas ranging from 1 to 6 $\mu$m$^2$ can be fabricated and, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Imran Mahboob , Satoshi Sasaki , Takaaki Takenaka

The superconducting qubit is one of the promising directions in realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), which requires many high-quality qubits. To achieve this, it is desirable to leverage modern semiconductor industry…

We highlight the reproducibility and level of control over the electrical properties of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$ Josephson junctions fabricated with irradiation from a focused helium ion beam. Specifically, we show the results of electrical…

Superconductivity · Physics 2019-06-26 Ethan Y. Cho , Hao Li , Shane A. Cybart

Superconducting qubits based on Al/AlOx/Al Josephson junction are one of the most promising candidates for the physical implementation of universal quantum computers. Due to scalability and compatibility with the state-of-the-art…

Superconductor qubits typically use aluminum-aluminum oxide tunnel junctions to provide the non-linear inductance. Junctions with semiconductor barriers make it possible to vary the superconductor material and explore beyond aluminum. We…

Several physical realizations of quantum bits have been proposed. Of those, nano-electronic devices appear most suitable for large-scale integration and potential applications. We suggest to use low-capacitance Josephson junctions,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuriy Makhlin , Gerd Schoen , Alexander Shnirman

Quantum bits, or qubits, are an example of coherent circuits envisioned for next-generation computers and detectors. A robust superconducting qubit with a coherent lifetime of $O$(100 $\mu$s) is the transmon: a Josephson junction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-11 J. M. Kreikebaum , K. P. O'Brien , A. Morvan , I. Siddiqi

In conventional transmon qubits, decoherence is dominated by a large number of parasitic two-level systems (TLS) residing at the edges of its large area coplanar shunt capacitor and junction leads. Avoiding these defects by improvements in…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-09-29 Etienne Daum , Benedikt Berlitz , Steffen Deck , Alexey V. Ustinov , Jürgen Lisenfeld

Multilayer metasurfaces provide substantially greater spectral design freedom than single-layer devices, yet their implementation in the visible and near-infrared remains limited by the complexity, cost, and low throughput of conventional…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-21 A. Bilgehan Baspinar , Phillippe Pearson , Andrei Faraon

Direct-write processes enable the alteration or deposition of materials in a continuous, directable, sequential fashion. In this work we demonstrate an electron beam direct-write process in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-03-22 Ondrej Dyck , Andrew R. Lupini , Stephen Jesse

Quantum computers can potentially achieve an exponential speedup versus classical computers on certain computational tasks, as recently demonstrated in systems of superconducting qubits. However, these qubits have large footprints due to…

We have demonstrated a novel type of superconducting transmon qubit in which a Josephson junction has been engineered to act as its own parallel shunt capacitor. This merged-element transmon (MET) potentially offers a smaller footprint and…

Tunneling defects in disordered materials form spurious two-level systems which are a major source of decoherence for micro-fabricated quantum devices. For superconducting qubits, defects in tunnel barriers of submicrometer-sized Josephson…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-09 Alexander Bilmes , Serhii Volosheniuk , Alexey V. Ustinov , Jürgen Lisenfeld

The superconducting transmon qubit is a leading platform for quantum computing and quantum science. Building large, useful quantum systems based on transmon qubits will require significant improvements in qubit relaxation and coherence…

Due to their unique properties as lossless, nonlinear circuit elements, Josephson junctions lie at the heart of superconducting quantum information processing. Previously, we demonstrated a two-layer, submicrometer-scale overlap junction…