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Related papers: mSHAP: SHAP Values for Two-Part Models

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The SHAP framework provides a principled method to explain the predictions of a model by computing feature importance. Motivated by applications in finance, we introduce the Top-k Identification Problem (TkIP), where the objective is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Sanjay Kariyappa , Leonidas Tsepenekas , Freddy Lécué , Daniele Magazzeni

Unpacking and comprehending how black-box machine learning algorithms make decisions has been a persistent challenge for researchers and end-users. Explaining time-series predictive models is useful for clinical applications with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Amin Nayebi , Sindhu Tipirneni , Chandan K Reddy , Brandon Foreman , Vignesh Subbian

Besides accuracy, recent studies on machine learning models have been addressing the question on how the obtained results can be interpreted. Indeed, while complex machine learning models are able to provide very good results in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Guilherme Dean Pelegrina , Leonardo Tomazeli Duarte , Michel Grabisch

Shapley values are ubiquitous in interpretable Machine Learning due to their strong theoretical background and efficient implementation in the SHAP library. Computing these values previously induced an exponential cost with respect to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Gabriel Laberge , Yann Pequignot

The Shapley value concept from cooperative game theory has become a popular technique for interpreting ML models, but efficiently estimating these values remains challenging, particularly in the model-agnostic setting. Here, we revisit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Ian Covert , Su-In Lee

Thanks to its solid theoretical foundation, the SHAP framework is arguably one the most widely utilized frameworks for local explainability of ML models. Despite its popularity, its exact computation is known to be very challenging, proven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Reda Marzouk , Colin de La Higuera

Originally introduced in game theory, Shapley values have emerged as a central tool in explainable machine learning, where they are used to attribute model predictions to specific input features. However, computing Shapley values exactly is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Christopher Musco , R. Teal Witter

SHAP explanations are a popular feature-attribution mechanism for explainable AI. They use game-theoretic notions to measure the influence of individual features on the prediction of a machine learning model. Despite a lot of recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Guy Van den Broeck , Anton Lykov , Maximilian Schleich , Dan Suciu

In healthcare, making the best possible predictions with complex models (e.g., neural networks, ensembles/stacks of different models) can impact patient welfare. In order to make these complex models explainable, we present DeepSHAP for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Hugh Chen , Scott Lundberg , Su-In Lee

Shapley values are among the most popular tools for explaining predictions of blackbox machine learning models. However, their high computational cost motivates the use of sampling approximations, inducing a considerable degree of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-11 Jeremy Goldwasser , Giles Hooker

In the domain of black-box model extraction, conventional methods reliant on soft labels or surrogate datasets struggle with scaling to high-dimensional input spaces and managing the complexity of an extensive array of interrelated classes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Somnath Sendhil Kumar , Yuvaraj Govindarajulu , Pavan Kulkarni , Manojkumar Parmar

Originally introduced in cooperative game theory, Shapley values have become a very popular tool to explain machine learning predictions. Based on Shapley's fairness axioms, every input (feature component) gets a credit how it contributes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-19 Michael Mayer , Mario V. Wüthrich

The Shapley value is a ubiquitous framework for attribution in machine learning, encompassing feature importance, data valuation, and causal inference. However, its exact computation is generally intractable, necessitating efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fabian Fumagalli , Landon Butler , Justin Singh Kang , Kannan Ramchandran , R. Teal Witter

One of the most popular methods of the machine learning prediction explanation is the SHapley Additive exPlanations method (SHAP). An imprecise SHAP as a modification of the original SHAP is proposed for cases when the class probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Lev V. Utkin , Andrei V. Konstantinov , Kirill A. Vishniakov

Shapley values have emerged as a central game-theoretic tool in explainable AI (XAI). However, computing Shapley values exactly requires $2^d$ game evaluations for a model with $d$ features. Lundberg and Lee's KernelSHAP algorithm has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Fabian Fumagalli , R. Teal Witter , Christopher Musco

With origins in game theory, probabilistic values like Shapley values, Banzhaf values, and semi-values have emerged as a central tool in explainable AI. They are used for feature attribution, data attribution, data valuation, and more.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 R. Teal Witter , Yurong Liu , Christopher Musco

SHAP explanations aim at identifying which features contribute the most to the difference in model prediction at a specific input versus a background distribution. Recent studies have shown that they can be manipulated by malicious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Gabriel Laberge , Ulrich Aïvodji , Satoshi Hara , Mario Marchand. , Foutse Khomh

The SHAP (short for Shapley additive explanation) framework has become an essential tool for attributing importance to variables in predictive tasks. In model-agnostic settings, SHAP uses the concept of Shapley values from cooperative game…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-12 Justin Whitehouse , Ayush Sawarni , Vasilis Syrgkanis

Model interpretability is one of the most intriguing problems in most of the Machine Learning models, particularly for those that are mathematically sophisticated. Computing Shapley Values are arguably the best approach so far to find the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-15 Indranil Basu , Subhadip Maji

Shapley values have emerged as a critical tool for explaining which features impact the decisions made by machine learning models. However, computing exact Shapley values is difficult, generally requiring an exponential (in the feature…