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Dimension reduction (DR) algorithms have proven to be extremely useful for gaining insight into large-scale high-dimensional datasets, particularly finding clusters in transcriptomic data. The initial phase of these DR methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yingfan Wang , Yiyang Sun , Haiyang Huang , Cynthia Rudin

Due to the intrinsic complexity of high-dimensional (HD) data, dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques cannot preserve all the structural characteristics of the original data. Therefore, DR techniques focus on preserving either local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hyeon Jeon , Kwon Ko , Soohyun Lee , Jake Hyun , Taehyun Yang , Gyehun Go , Jaemin Jo , Jinwook Seo

Dimension reduction (DR) techniques such as t-SNE, UMAP, and TriMAP have demonstrated impressive visualization performance on many real world datasets. One tension that has always faced these methods is the trade-off between preservation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Yingfan Wang , Haiyang Huang , Cynthia Rudin , Yaron Shaposhnik

Dimensionality reduction (DR) is one of the key tools for the visual exploration of high-dimensional data and uncovering its cluster structure in two- or three-dimensional spaces. The vast majority of DR methods in the literature do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Stavros Gerolymatos , Xenophon Evangelopoulos , Vladimir Gusev , John Y. Goulermas

Dimensionality reduction methods are employed to decrease data dimensionality, either to enhance machine learning performance or to facilitate data visualization in two or three-dimensional spaces. These methods typically fall into two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Berat Dogan

Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is a widely used manifold learning technique for dimensionality reduction. This paper studies UMAP, supervised UMAP, and several competing dimensionality reduction methods, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Guanzhe Zhang , Shanshan Ding , Zhezhen Jin

We introduce Uniform Manifold Approximation with Two-phase Optimization (UMATO), a dimensionality reduction (DR) technique that improves UMAP to capture the global structure of high-dimensional data more accurately. In UMATO, optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Hyeon Jeon , Hyung-Kwon Ko , Soohyun Lee , Jaemin Jo , Jinwook Seo

Dimensionality Reduction (DR) techniques can generate 2D projections and enable visual exploration of cluster structures of high-dimensional datasets. However, different DR techniques would yield various patterns, which significantly affect…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Jiazhi Xia , Yuchen Zhang , Jie Song , Yang Chen , Yunhai Wang , Shixia Liu

UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) is a novel manifold learning technique for dimension reduction. UMAP is constructed from a theoretical framework based in Riemannian geometry and algebraic topology. The result is a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-21 Leland McInnes , John Healy , James Melville

The vast majority of Dimensionality Reduction (DR) techniques rely on second-order statistics to define their optimization objective. Even though this provides adequate results in most cases, it comes with several shortcomings. The methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-21 Nikolaos Passalis , Anastasios Tefas

Dimensionality reduction (DR) plays a vital role in the visual analysis of high-dimensional data. One main aim of DR is to reveal hidden patterns that lie on intrinsic low-dimensional manifolds. However, DR often overlooks important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Takanori Fujiwara , Yun-Hsin Kuo , Anders Ynnerman , Kwan-Liu Ma

Manifold learning is used for dimensionality reduction, with the goal of finding a projection subspace to increase and decrease the inter- and intraclass variances, respectively. However, a bottleneck for subspace learning methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Parisa Abdolrahim Poorheravi , Vincent Gaudet

Dimensionality reduction is crucial both for visualization and preprocessing high dimensional data for machine learning. We introduce a novel method based on a hierarchy built on 1-nearest neighbor graphs in the original space which is used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 M. Saquib Sarfraz , Marios Koulakis , Constantin Seibold , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Dimensionality reduction (DR) is a popular method for preparing and analyzing high-dimensional data. Reduced data representations are less computationally intensive and easier to manage and visualize, while retaining a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Avraam Bardos , Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Dimensionality reduction (DR) algorithms compress high-dimensional data into a lower dimensional representation while preserving important features of the data. DR is a critical step in many analysis pipelines as it enables visualisation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-26 Aditya Ravuri , Francisco Vargas , Vidhi Lalchand , Neil D. Lawrence

Dimensionality reduction (DR) is characterized by two longstanding trade-offs. First, there is a global-local preservation tension: methods such as t-SNE and UMAP prioritize local neighborhood preservation, yet may distort global manifold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zeyang Huang , Angelos Chatzimparmpas , Thomas Höllt , Takanori Fujiwara

Applying dimensionality reduction (DR) to large, high-dimensional data sets can be challenging when distinguishing the underlying high-dimensional data clusters in a 2D projection for exploratory analysis. We address this problem by first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Youngjoo Kim , Alexandru C. Telea , Scott C. Trager , Jos B. T. M. Roerdink

Understanding the global organization of complicated and high dimensional data is of primary interest for many branches of applied sciences. It is typically achieved by applying dimensionality reduction techniques mapping the considered…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Paweł Dłotko , Davide Gurnari , Mathis Hallier , Anna Jurek-Loughrey

Dimensionality reduction is an integral part of data visualization. It is a process that obtains a structure preserving low-dimensional representation of the high-dimensional data. Two common criteria can be used to achieve a dimensionality…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Lin Yan , Yaodong Zhao , Paul Rosen , Carlos Scheidegger , Bei Wang

Dimensionality Reduction (DR) methods are widely used to visualize high-dimensional data. One key task in DR-based analysis is discovering neighborhoods, which relies on analyzing the fine-grained local structure of a projection. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Diede P. M. van der Hoorn , Alessio Arleo , Fernando V. Paulovich
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