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Accurate and transparent prediction of cancer survival times on the level of individual patients can inform and improve patient care and treatment practices. In this paper, we design a model that concurrently learns to accurately predict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Maruan Al-Shedivat , Avinava Dubey , Eric P. Xing

Accurate models of patient survival probabilities provide important information to clinicians prescribing care for life-threatening and terminal ailments. A recently developed class of models - known as individual survival distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Samuel Sokota , Ryan D'Orazio , Khurram Javed , Humza Haider , Russell Greiner

Precision medicine leverages patient heterogeneity to estimate individualized treatment regimens, formalized, data-driven approaches designed to match patients with optimal treatments. In the presence of competing events, where multiple…

We introduce a statistical procedure that integrates survival data from multiple biomedical studies, to improve the accuracy of predictions of survival or other events, based on individual clinical and genomic profiles, compared to models…

Applications · Statistics 2020-07-20 Steffen Ventz , Rahul Mazumder , Lorenzo Trippa

Stepped-wedge designs are increasingly used in randomized experiments to accommodate logistical and ethical constraints by staggering treatment roll-out over time. Despite their popularity, existing analytical methods largely rely on…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-12 Liangbo Lyu , Bingkai Wang

Estimating the causal effect of time-varying treatments on survival outcomes is a challenging task in many domains, particularly in medicine where treatment protocols adapt over time. While recent advances in representation learning have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-06 Ayoub Abraich

Models for predicting the time of a future event are crucial for risk assessment, across a diverse range of applications. Existing time-to-event (survival) models have focused primarily on preserving pairwise ordering of estimated event…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-14 Paidamoyo Chapfuwa , Chenyang Tao , Lawrence Carin , Ricardo Henao

The conditional survival function of a time-to-event outcome subject to censoring and truncation is a common target of estimation in survival analysis. This parameter may be of scientific interest and also often appears as a nuisance in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-20 Charles J. Wolock , Peter B. Gilbert , Noah Simon , Marco Carone

Measuring treatment effects in observational studies is challenging because of confounding bias. Confounding occurs when a variable affects both the treatment and the outcome. Traditional methods such as propensity score matching estimate…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-23 Bevan I. Smith , Charles Chimedza

We suggest double/debiased machine learning estimators of direct and indirect quantile treatment effects under a selection-on-observables assumption. This permits disentangling the causal effect of a binary treatment at a specific outcome…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-07-04 Yu-Chin Hsu , Martin Huber , Yu-Min Yen

Censored survival data are common in clinical trials, but small control groups can pose challenges, particularly in rare diseases or where balanced randomization is impractical. Recent approaches leverage external controls from historical…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-16 Chenyin Gao , Shu Yang , Mingyang Shan , Wenyu Wendy Ye , Ilya Lipkovich , Douglas Faries

When longitudinal outcomes are evaluated in mortal populations, their non-existence after death complicates the analysis and its causal interpretation. Where popular methods often merge longitudinal outcome and survival into one scale or…

This paper primarily addresses a dataset relating to cellular, chemical and physical conditions of patients gathered at the time they are operated upon to remove colorectal tumours. This data provides a unique insight into the biochemical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Christopher Roadknight , Durga Suryanarayanan , Uwe Aickelin , John Scholefield , Lindy Durrant

We study nonparametric inference for the causal dose-response (or treatment effect) curve when the treatment variable is continuous rather than binary or discrete. We do this by developing doubly robust confidence intervals for the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-13 Charles R. Doss

In recent years, research interest in personalised treatments has been growing. However, treatment effect heterogeneity and possibly time-varying treatment effects are still often overlooked in clinical studies. Statistical tools are needed…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-27 Caterina Gregorio , Giovanni Baj , Giulia Barbati , Francesca Ieva

With an increasing focus on precision medicine in medical research, numerous studies have been conducted in recent years to clarify the relationship between treatment effects and patient characteristics. The treatment effects for patients…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-22 Ke Wan , Kensuke Tanioka , Toshio Shimokawa

Covariate adjustment is desired by both practitioners and regulators of randomized clinical trials because it improves precision for estimating treatment effects. However, covariate adjustment presents a particular challenge in…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-20 Yunfan Li , Jessica L. Ross , Aaron M. Smith , David P. Miller

Modern causal inference methods allow machine learning to be used to weaken parametric modeling assumptions. However, the use of machine learning may result in complications for inference. Doubly-robust cross-fit estimators have been…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-11 Paul N Zivich , Alexander Breskin

Instrumental variable methods have been widely used to identify causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding. A key identification condition known as the exclusion restriction states that the instrument cannot have a direct…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-05 Baoluo Sun , Yifan Cui , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

Survival analysis, or time-to-event modelling, is a classical statistical problem that has garnered a lot of interest for its practical use in epidemiology, demographics or actuarial sciences. Recent advances on the subject from the point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Guillaume Ausset , Tom Ciffreo , Francois Portier , Stephan Clémençon , Timothée Papin