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Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms have accomplished remarkable breakthroughs in solving large-scale decision-making tasks. Nonetheless, most existing MARL algorithms are model-free, limiting sample efficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Qihan Liu , Jianing Ye , Xiaoteng Ma , Jun Yang , Bin Liang , Chongjie Zhang

A hallmark of intelligent agents is the ability to learn reusable skills purely from unsupervised interaction with the environment. However, existing unsupervised skill discovery methods often learn entangled skills where one skill variable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Jiaheng Hu , Zizhao Wang , Peter Stone , Roberto Martín-Martín

RLCard is an open-source toolkit for reinforcement learning research in card games. It supports various card environments with easy-to-use interfaces, including Blackjack, Leduc Hold'em, Texas Hold'em, UNO, Dou Dizhu and Mahjong. The goal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Daochen Zha , Kwei-Herng Lai , Yuanpu Cao , Songyi Huang , Ruzhe Wei , Junyu Guo , Xia Hu

Autonomous and learning systems based on Deep Reinforcement Learning have firmly established themselves as a foundation for approaches to creating resilient and efficient Cyber-Physical Energy Systems. However, most current approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Eric MSP Veith , Torben Logemann , Aleksandr Berezin , Arlena Wellßow , Stephan Balduin

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with their environments. Drawing from the foundations of trial and error, RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Majid Ghasemi , Amir Hossein Moosavi , Dariush Ebrahimi

Solving jigsaw puzzles requires to grasp the visual features of a sequence of patches and to explore efficiently a solution space that grows exponentially with the sequence length. Therefore, visual deep reinforcement learning (DRL) should…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Marie-Morgane Paumard , Hedi Tabia , David Picard

Being able to reason in an environment with a large number of discrete actions is essential to bringing reinforcement learning to a larger class of problems. Recommender systems, industrial plants and language models are only some of the…

Deep learning has enabled traditional reinforcement learning methods to deal with high-dimensional problems. However, one of the disadvantages of deep reinforcement learning methods is the limited exploration capacity of learning agents. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Thanh Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi

General game testing relies on the use of human play testers, play test scripting, and prior knowledge of areas of interest to produce relevant test data. Using deep reinforcement learning (DRL), we introduce a self-learning mechanism to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Joakim Bergdahl , Camilo Gordillo , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

Playing board games is considered a major challenge for both humans and AI researchers. Because some complicated board games are quite hard to learn, humans usually begin with playing on smaller boards and incrementally advance to master…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Shai Ben-Assayag , Ran El-Yaniv

Since deep neural networks' resurgence, reinforcement learning has gradually strengthened and surpassed humans in many conventional games. However, it is not easy to copy these accomplishments to autonomous driving because state spaces are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-14 B. Udugama

Resource scheduling and allocation is a critical component of many high impact systems ranging from congestion control to cloud computing. Finding more optimal solutions to these problems often has significant impact on resource and time…

Recently, empowered with the powerful capabilities of neural networks, reinforcement learning (RL) has successfully tackled numerous challenging tasks. However, while these models demonstrate enhanced decision-making abilities, they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zhengpeng Xie , Yulong Zhang

The evaluation function for imperfect information games is always hard to define but owns a significant impact on the playing strength of a program. Deep learning has made great achievements these years, and already exceeded the top human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Shiqi Gao , Fuminori Okuya , Yoshihiro Kawahara , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Reinforcement learning agents in complex game environments often suffer from sparse rewards, training instability, and poor sample efficiency. This paper presents a hybrid training approach that combines offline imitation learning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Thomas Ackermann , Moritz Spang , Hamza A. A. Gardi

In order perform a large variety of tasks and to achieve human-level performance in complex real-world environments, Artificial Intelligence (AI) Agents must be able to learn from their past experiences and gain both knowledge and an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Andrei Claudiu Roibu

Deep Reinforcement Learning reaches a superhuman level of play in many complete information games. The state of the art algorithm for learning with zero knowledge is AlphaZero. We take another approach, Ath\'enan, which uses a different,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Quentin Cohen-Solal , Tristan Cazenave

Deep reinforcement learning is a technique for solving problems in a variety of environments, ranging from Atari video games to stock trading. This method leverages deep neural network models to make decisions based on observations of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Anthony Dowling

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has revolutionized learning and actuation in applications such as game playing and robotic control. The cost of data collection, i.e., generating transitions from agent-environment interactions, remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Xiao-Yang Liu , Zechu Li , Zhuoran Yang , Jiahao Zheng , Zhaoran Wang , Anwar Walid , Jian Guo , Michael I. Jordan

Evaluation of deep reinforcement learning (RL) is inherently challenging. Especially the opaqueness of learned policies and the stochastic nature of both agents and environments make testing the behavior of deep RL agents difficult. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Martin Tappler , Filip Cano Córdoba , Bernhard K. Aichernig , Bettina Könighofer