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We develop the notion of coherent ultrafilters (extenders without normality or well-foundedness). We then use definable coherent ultraproducts to characterize any extension of a model $M$ in any fragment of $\mathbb{L}_{\infty, \omega}$…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Will Boney

A novel parallel algorithm for solving the classical Decision Boolean Satisfiability problem with clauses in conjunctive normal form is depicted. My approach for solving SAT is without using algebra or other computational search strategies…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Carlos Barrón-Romero

QBF solvers implementing the QCDCL paradigm are powerful algorithms that successfully tackle many computationally complex applications. However, our theoretical understanding of the strength and limitations of these QCDCL solvers is very…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Olaf Beyersdorff , Benjamin Böhm

The quantified Boolean formula problem (QBF) is a well-known PSpace-complete problem with rich expressive power, and is generally viewed as the SAT analogue for PSpace. Given that many problems today are solved in practice by reducing to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Leif Eriksson , Victor Lagerkvist , Sebastian Ordyniak , George Osipov , Fahad Panolan , Mateusz Rychlicki

In 2006, Biere, Jussila, and Sinz made the key observation that the underlying logic behind algorithms for constructing Reduced, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) can be encoded as steps in a proof in the extended resolution logical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Randal E. Bryant , Marijn J. H. Heule

We consider the incremental computation of minimal unsatisfiable cores (MUCs) of QBFs. To this end, we equipped our incremental QBF solver DepQBF with a novel API to allow for incremental solving based on clause groups. A clause group is a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Florian Lonsing , Uwe Egly

The convergence of deep learning and formal mathematics has spurred research in formal verification. Statement autoformalization, a crucial first step in this process, aims to translate informal descriptions into machine-verifiable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Shaoqi Wang , Lu Yu , Siwei Lou , Feng Yan , Chunjie Yang , Qing Cui , Jun Zhou

The use of Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) solver for hardware verification incurs exponential run-time in several instances. In this work we have proposed an efficient quantum SAT (qSAT) solver for equivalence checking of Boolean circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Abhoy Kole , Mohammed E. Djeridane , Lennart Weingarten , Kamalika Datta , Rolf Drechsler

This paper introduces the notion of an Input Constrained Control Barrier Function (ICCBF), as a method to synthesize safety-critical controllers for non-linear control affine systems with input constraints. The method identifies a subset of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-15 Devansh Agrawal , Dimitra Panagou

Feature extraction is a fundamental task in the application of machine learning methods to SAT solving. It is used in algorithm selection and configuration for solver portfolios and satisfiability classification. Many approaches have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Benjamin Provan-Bessell , Marco Dalla , Andrea Visentin , Barry O'Sullivan

We present a very general approach to learning the structure of causal models based on d-separation constraints, obtained from any given set of overlapping passive observational or experimental data sets. The procedure allows for both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-27 Antti Hyttinen , Patrik O. Hoyer , Frederick Eberhardt , Matti Jarvisalo

Numerically solving partial differential equations is a ubiquitous computational task with broad applications in many fields of science. Quantum computers can potentially provide high-degree polynomial speed-ups for solving PDEs, however…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Gumaro Rendon , Stepan Smid

A number of SAT-based analysis concepts and tools for software product lines exist, that extract code dependencies in propositional logic from the source code assets of the product line. On these extracted conditions, SAT-solvers are used…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Adam Krafczyk , Sascha El-Sharkawy , Klaus Schmid

We present a mathematical model: dynamical systems over finite sets (DSF), and we show that Boolean and discrete genetic models are special cases of DFS. In this paper, we prove that a function defined over finite sets with different number…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Maria A. Avino-Diaz , Edward Green , Oscar Moreno

Modern conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) SAT solvers are very good in solving conjunctive normal form (CNF) formulas. However, some application problems involve lots of parity (xor) constraints which are not necessarily efficiently…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-07-25 Tero Laitinen , Tommi Junttila , Ilkka Niemelä

As a natural extension of the SAT problem, an array of proof systems for quantified Boolean formulas (QBF) have been proposed, many of which extend a propositional proof system to handle universal quantification. By formalising the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Olaf Beyersdorff , Joshua Blinkhorn , Luke Hinde

In this paper, we propose a Dual Focal Loss (DFL) function, as a replacement for the standard cross entropy (CE) function to achieve a better treatment of the unbalanced classes in a dataset. Our DFL method is an improvement on the recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Md Sazzad Hossain , Andrew P Paplinski , John M Betts

Skolemization, with Herbrand's theorem, underpins automated theorem proving and various transformations in computer science and mathematics. Skolemization removes strong quantifiers by introducing new function symbols, enabling efficient…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Matthias Baaz , Mariami Gamsakhurdia , Rosalie Iemhoff , Raheleh Jalali

We present a new extended resolution clause learning (ERCL) algorithm, implemented as part of a conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) SAT solver, wherein new variables are dynamically introduced as definitions for {\it Dual Implication…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Sam Buss , Jonathan Chung , Vijay Ganesh , Albert Oliveras

Decision procedures for SMT problems based on the theory of bit-vectors are a fundamental component in state-of-the-art software and hardware verifiers. While very efficient in general, certain SMT instances are still challenging for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Samuel Teuber , Marko Kleine Büning , Carsten Sinz
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