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Architected materials that exploit buckling instabilities to reversibly trap energy have been shown to be effective for impact protection. The energy-absorbing capabilities of these architected materials can be enhanced further by…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-09 Beijun Shen , Yuefeng Jiang , Christopher M. Yakacki , Sung Hoon Kang , Thao D. Nguyen

We investigate how controlled foaming alters the mechanical dissipation of liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs). Using thermal expandable microspheres, we generate homogeneous foams with precisely tuned bubble volume fractions up to 13% and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-02-23 Oliver Dai , Andrew Terentjev , Eugene M. Terentjev

We model polydomain liquid-crystal elastomers by extending the neo-classical soft and semi-soft free energies used successfully to describe monodomain samples. We show that there is a significant difference between polydomains cross-linked…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-07-09 J. S. Biggins , M. Warner , K. Bhattacharya

Liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) has been intensively utilized in 4D printing techniques to fabricate smart structures with reversible actuation on the basis of appropriate alignment of liquid crystal (LC) molecules. As a non-contact…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-01-15 Yueping Wang , Jongwon An , Hongseok Kim , Sehui Jeong , Hyunggyu Kim , Jaesung Park , Seunggyu Ko , Jinho Son , Howon Lee

Here, we report the rate-dependent energy absorption behavior of a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE)-based architected material consisting of repeating unit cells of bistable tilted LCE beams sandwiched between stiff supports. Viscoelastic…

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are elastomeric networks with rod-like mesogens that reorient under load. In polydomain LCEs, this reorientation drives a polydomain-to-monodomain transition that produces a soft-elastic plateau. Coupling…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-13 Zhengxuan Wei , Beijun Shen , Zumrat Usmanova , Umme Hani Bootwala , Ruobing Bai

Liquid crystal elastomers are cross-linked elastomer networks with liquid crystal mesogens incorporated into the main or side chain. Polydomain liquid crystalline (nematic) elastomers exhibit unusual mechanical properties like soft…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-05-21 Ameneh Maghsoodi , Kaushik Bhattacharya

Liquid crystal elastomers are rubbery solids that couple liquid crystalline order and deformation. This coupling leads to properties that are attractive for a number of applications in soft robotics and energy absorption. This paper is…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-10-24 Adeline Wihardja , Juan Carlos Nieto Fuentes , Daniel Rittel , Kaushik Bhattacharya

Liquid Crystalline Elastomers (LCEs) are active materials that are of interest due to their programmable response to various external stimuli such as light and heat. When exposed to these stimuli, the anisotropy in the response of the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-10-24 Kevin LoGrande , M. Ravi Shankar , Kaushik Dayal

3D printing technology offers the possibility of producing synthetic samples with accurately defined microstructures. As indicated by effective medium theory (EMT), the shapes, orientations, and sizes of voids significantly affect the…

Soft electronics are a promising and revolutionary alternative for traditional electronics when safe physical interaction between machines and the human body is required. Among various materials architectures developed for producing soft…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-04-16 Kaveh Alizadeh

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are soft phase-changing solids that exhibit large reversible contractions upon heating, Goldstone-like soft modes and resultant microstructural instabilities. We heat a planar LCE slab to isotropic, clamp…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-12-04 Morgan Barnes , Fan Feng , John S. Biggins

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a stimuli-responsive material which has been intensively studied for applications including artificial muscles, shape morphing structures, and soft robotics, due to its capability of large, programmable,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-02-28 Victor Maurin , Yilong Chang , Qiji Ze , Sophie Leanza , Ruike Renee Zhao

Soft materials capable of large inelastic deformation play an essential role in high-performance nacre-inspired architectured materials with a combination of stiffness, strength and toughness. The rigid "building blocks" made from glass or…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-16 Shibo Zou , Daniel Therriault , Frédérick P. Gosselin

Modeling liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) at the molecular level is crucial for the predictable design of energy-conversion and stimuli-responsive materials. Here, we develop a self-consistent field theory for LCEs which captures the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-10-05 Luofu Liu , Rui Wang

Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) are an exciting category of material that has tremendous application potential across a variety of fields, owing to their unique properties that enable both sensing and actuation. To some, LCEs are simply…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-10-28 Mathew Schwartz , Jan P. F. Lagerwall

Nematic elastomers are a particular class of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) that exhibit both liquid-crystalline order and rubber (entropic) elasticity. This combination makes them stimuli-responsive soft materials with a number of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-08 Alice Kutsyy , Adeline Wihardja , Victoria Lee , Kaushik Bhattacharya

The impact dynamics of viscoelastic droplets on solid surfaces play a critical role in numerous applications, including inkjet printing, spray coating, and microfluidics, where precise control of spreading, retraction, and rebound is…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-10 Mahmood Mousavi , Parisa Tayerani , Sebastian Stephens , Cadence Ruskowski , Bok Jik Lee

We propose that ballooning can be controlled, enriched and amplified by using rubbery networks of aligned molecular rods known as liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). Firstly, LCEs are promising artificial muscles, showing large spontaneous…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-03 Andrea Giudici , John S. Biggins

We aimed to use finite element method to simulate the unique behaviors of liquid crystal elastomer, such as semi-soft elasticity, stripe domain instabilities etc. We started from an energy functional with the 2D Bladon-Warner-Terentjev…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2010-09-10 Chong Luo , Maria-Carme Calderer
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