Related papers: A Closer Look at Gluons
In central collisions at relativistic heavy ion colliders like the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider RHIC/Brookhaven and the Large Hadron Collider LHC (in its heavy ion mode) at CERN/Geneva, one aims at detecting a new form of hadronic matter…
We investigate the processes leading to phase-space equilibration of parton distributions in nuclear interactions at collider energies. We derive a set of rate equations describing the chemical equilibration of gluons and quarks including…
The 32-dimensional compounding fields and their quantum interplays in the trigintaduonion space can be presented by analogy with octonion and sedenion electromagnetic, gravitational, strong and weak interactions. In the trigintaduonion…
We construct an effective action for "soft" gluons by integrating out hard thermal modes of topologically massive vector bosons at one loop order. The loop carrying hard gluons (momentum $\sim T$) are known as hard thermal loop (HTL). The…
The strong interactions of the negative-parity heavy mesons with $\rho$ meson may be described consistently in the context of an effective lagrangian, which is invariant under isospin SU(2) transformation. Four coupling constants…
We find a correspondence between semiclassical gauge theories quantized on the light-front and a dual gravity model in anti-de Sitter (AdS) space, thus providing an initial approximation to QCD in its strongly coupled regime. This…
At high baryonic density with the formation of a diquark condensate $\Delta \neq 0$, the QCD color symmetry is spontaneously broken. Being massive by the Anderson-Higgs mechanism, gluon and photon should mix together within two linear…
We develop a "precision-ready", model-independent EFT framework that connects general leptophilic gauge interactions to their low-energy manifestations in SMEFT and LEFT. Starting from a broad U(1)'_ell extension in which leptons carry…
Both the Higgs mechanism and strong interactions contribute to the masses of visible matter, yet how the six Higgs-generated quark masses and uniform strong interaction strength determine the hundreds of hadron masses remains unclear.…
Modern theories of fundamental interactions describe strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions as quantum field theories with certain kinds of embedded internal symmetries called `gauge symmetries'. This article introduces quantum field…
The vast bulk of visible mass emerges from nonperturbative dynamics within quantum chromodynamics (QCD) -- the strong interaction sector of the Standard Model. The past decade has revealed the three pillars that support this emergent hadron…
The standard model for electroweak interactions uses the concepts of weak hypercharge and local gauge invariance of the Lagrangian density under the gauge group SU(2) x U(1). Taylor has remarked that U(1), being a multiply-connected group,…
The high momentum components generated in the wave function of pseudoscalar mes* by the one-gluon-exchange interaction are investigated within a relativistic constituent quark model. Adopting the light-cone formalism, the sensitivity of the…
Superconformal algebra leads to remarkable connections between the masses of mesons and baryons of the same parity -- supersymmetric relations between the bosonic and fermionic bound states of QCD. Supercharges connect the mesonic…
Gluons acquire a determinate mass from quark loop radiative corrrections and self-interaction, when these are recomputed with the symmetrical theory of generalised functions. The colour symmetry may be~$U(3)$ instead of~$SU(3)$. The…
Cosmology and particle physics come across a tight connection in the attempt to reproduce and understand quantitatively the results of experimental findings. Indeed, the quark gluon plasma (QGP) found at colliders and the baryon asymmetry…
Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions are expected to generate a huge electromagnetic field, $eB \approx 10^{18}\, Gauss$, that induces a splitting of the directed flow, $v_1=\left\langle p_x/p_T \right\rangle $, of charged particles and…
The heavy charm and bottom quarks are unique probes of the transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and its hadronization in high-energy nuclear collisions. A key challenge in this context is to embed the interactions of the…
The future high-energy muon colliders, featuring both high energy and low background, could play a critical role in our searches for new physics. The smallness of neutrino mass is a puzzle of particle physics. Broad classes of solutions to…
The proton is composed of quarks and gluons, bound by the most elusive mechanism of strong interaction called confinement. In this work, the dynamics of quarks and gluons are investigated using deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS):…