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We describe the architecture and algorithms of the Adaptive Charging Network (ACN), which was first deployed on the Caltech campus in early 2016 and is currently operating at over 100 other sites in the United States. The architecture…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-07 Zachary J. Lee , George Lee , Ted Lee , Cheng Jin , Rand Lee , Zhi Low , Daniel Chang , Christine Ortega , Steven H. Low

Electric vehicle (EV) charging stations represent a substantial load with significant flexibility. The exploitation of that flexibility in demand response (DR) algorithms becomes increasingly important to manage and balance demand and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Manu Lahariya , Nasrin Sadeghianpourhamami , Chris Develder

Load serving entities with storage units reach sizes and performances that can significantly impact clearing prices in electricity markets. Nevertheless, price endogeneity is rarely considered in storage bidding strategies and modeling the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-07 Mathilde D. Badoual , Scott J. Moura

The main objective of this paper is to design electric vehicle (EV) charging policies which minimize the impact of charging on the electricity distribution network (DN). More precisely, the considered cost function results from a linear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-09-25 Olivier Beaude , Samson Lasaulce , Martin Hennebel , Jamal Daafouz

We study the problem of phase optimization for electric-vehicle (EV) charging. We formulate our problem as a non-convex mixed-integer programming problem whose objective is to minimize the charging loss. Despite the hardness of directly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-24 Zixin Ye , Tongxin Li , Steven H. Low

The extraordinary electric vehicle (EV) popularization in the recent years has facilitated research studies in alleviating EV energy charging demand. Previous studies primarily focused on the optimizations over charging stations (CS) profit…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tianhao Bu , Hang Li , Guojie Li

With the rapid growth in the demand for plug-in electric vehicles (EVs), the corresponding charging infrastructures are expanding. These charging stations are located at various places and with different congestion levels. EV drivers face…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Lihui Yi , Ermin Wei

Charging demands of electric vehicles (EVs) are sharply increasing due to the rapid development of EVs. Hence, reliable and convenient quick charge stations are required to respond to the needs of EV drivers. Due to the uncertainty of EV…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-04 Zeyu Liu , Yaxin Xie , Donghan Feng , Yun Zhou , Shanshan Shi , Chen Fang

Charging infrastructure is the coupling link between power and transportation networks, thus determining charging station siting is necessary for planning of power and transportation systems. While previous works have either optimized for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-21 Justin Luke , Mauro Salazar , Ram Rajagopal , Marco Pavone

The charging load from Electric vehicles (EVs) is modeled as deferrable load, meaning that the power consumption can be shifted to different time windows to achieve various grid objectives. In local community scenarios, EVs are considered…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-02-06 Bin Wang , Dai Wang , Cy Chan , Rongxin Yin , Doug Black

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the strategic placement of charging stations to optimize resource utilization and minimize user inconvenience. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers an innovative approach to identifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Minh-Duc Nguyen , Dung D. Le , Phi Long Nguyen

This paper studies control-theory-enabled intelligent charging management for battery systems in electric vehicles (EVs). Charging is crucial for the battery performance and life as well as a contributory factor to a user's confidence in or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Huazhen Fang , Yebin Wang

Although electric vehicles are considered a viable solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, their uncoordinated charging could have adverse effects on power system operation. Nevertheless, the task of optimal electric vehicle charging…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-01-19 Liang Zhang , Vassilis Kekatos , Georgios B. Giannakis

Electric vehicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in sustainable ride-hailing services primarily due to their potential in reducing carbon emissions and enhancing environmental protection. Despite their significance, current research in the realm…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-10 Xiaoming Li , Chun Wang , Xiao Huang

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are considered as flexible loads since their charging schedules can be shifted over the course of a day without impacting drivers mobility. This property can be exploited to reduce charging costs and adverse…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-05-04 Javad Mohammadi , Marina Gonzalez Vaya , Soummya Kar , Gabriela Hug

The combination of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy is taking shape as a potential driver for a future free of fossil fuels. However, the efficient management of the EV fleet is not exempt from challenges. It calls for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-10-28 Emil B. Iversen , Juan M. Morales , Henrik Madsen

The rapid growth of electric vehicles is shifting the main constraint on transport electrification from vehicle adoption to the deployment and operation of charging infrastructure. Charging-network design requires decisions across three…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Peiyan Xiao , Yuheng Li , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Sai Krishna Ghanta , Sabur Baidya , Yanhai Xiong

A total 19% of generation capacity in California is offered by PV units and over some months, more than 10% of this energy is curtailed. In this research, a novel approach to reduce renewable generation curtailments and increasing system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-20 Reza Bayani , Saeed D. Manshadi , Guangyi Liu , Yawei Wang , Renchang Dai

Electric vehicles (EVs) require substantially longer refueling times than gasoline vehicles, which can generate severe congestion at charging stations when demand concentrates. We propose a two-stage allocation framework for EV charging…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-18 Ruiwu Liu , Yangjian Zhu

Effectively operating electrical vehicle charging station (EVCS) is crucial for enabling the rapid transition of electrified transportation. To solve this problem using reinforcement learning (RL), the dimension of state/action spaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Kyung-bin Kwon , Hao Zhu
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