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Stacking regressions is an ensemble technique that forms linear combinations of different regression estimators to enhance predictive accuracy. The conventional approach uses cross-validation data to generate predictions from the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-10 Xin Chen , Jason M. Klusowski , Yan Shuo Tan

Suppose X and Y are binary exposure and outcome variables, and we have full knowledge of the distribution of Y, given application of X. From this we know the average causal effect of X on Y. We are now interested in assessing, for a case…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-02 Philip Dawid , Macartan Humphreys , Monica Musio

Prediction performance does not always reflect the estimation behaviour of a method. High error in estimation may necessarily not result in high prediction error, but can lead to an unreliable prediction if test data lie in a slightly…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-22 Raju Rimal , Trygve Almøy , Solve Sæbø

Validation studies are often used to obtain more reliable information in settings with error-prone data. Validated data on a subsample of subjects can be used together with error-prone data on all subjects to improve estimation. In…

Social and behavioral scientists are increasingly employing technologies such as fMRI, smartphones, and gene sequencing, which yield 'high-dimensional' datasets with more columns than rows. There is increasing interest, but little…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-11 Erik-Jan van Kesteren , Daniel L. Oberski

Theoretical guarantees for causal inference using propensity scores are partly based on the scores behaving like conditional probabilities. However, scores between zero and one, especially when outputted by flexible statistical estimators,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-12 Rom Gutman , Ehud Karavani , Yishai Shimoni

In regression models fitted to data from complex survey designs, sampling weights often incorporate non-essential variation, inflating variance estimates. Stabilized weights mitigate this issue by adjusting sampling weights to account for…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-18 Tong Chen , Joshua Slone , Gustavo Amorim , Pamela A. Shaw , Bryan E. Shepherd , Thomas Lumley

This paper introduces a new property of estimators of the strength of statistical association, which helps characterize how well an estimator will perform in scenarios where dependencies between continuous and discrete random variables need…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-12 Kiran Karra , Lamine Mili

This paper considers sequential adaptive estimation of sparse signals under a constraint on the total sensing effort. The advantage of adaptivity in this context is the ability to focus more resources on regions of space where signal…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-04-03 Dennis Wei , Alfred O. Hero

We study a class of robust mean estimators $\widehat{\mu}$ obtained by adaptively shrinking the weights of sample points far from a base estimator $\widehat{\kappa}$. Given a data-dependent scaling factor $\widehat{\alpha}$ and a weighting…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-17 Antônio Catão , Lucas Resende , Paulo Orenstein

Mediation analysis seeks to understand the mechanism by which a treatment affects an outcome. Count or zero-inflated count outcome are common in many studies in which mediation analysis is of interest. For example, in dental studies,…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-07-12 Zijian Guo , Dylan S. Small , Stuart A. Gansky , Jing Cheng

The Complete Mediation Test (CMT) serves as a specialized approach of mediation analysis to assess whether an independent variable A, influences an outcome variable Y exclusively through a mediator M, without any direct effect. An…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-22 Yichin Tsai , Wan-Tzu Chang , Jia Jyun Sie , Cathy SJ Fann , Iebin Lian

This paper studies estimation of causal effects in a panel data setting. We introduce a new estimator, the Triply RObust Panel (TROP) estimator, that combines (i) a flexible model for the potential outcomes based on a low-rank factor…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-11 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens , Zhaonan Qu , Davide Viviano

When developing risk prediction models, shrinkage methods are recommended, especially when the sample size is limited. Several earlier studies have shown that the shrinkage of model coefficients can reduce overfitting of the prediction…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-29 Ben Van Calster , Maarten van Smeden , Ewout W. Steyerberg

Causal decomposition analysis provides a way to identify mediators that contribute to health disparities between marginalized and non-marginalized groups. In particular, the degree to which a disparity would be reduced or remain after…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-16 Soojin Park , Suyeon Kang , Chioun Lee

In a novel approach to the multiple testing problem, Efron (2004; 2007) formulated estimators of the distribution of test statistics or nominal p-values under a null distribution suitable for modeling the data of thousands of unaffected…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-10-30 David R. Bickel

Shrinkage estimators of covariance are an important tool in modern applied and theoretical statistics. They play a key role in regularized estimation problems, such as ridge regression (aka Tykhonov regularization), regularized discriminant…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-05-10 Noureddine El Karoui , Holger Koesters

Machine learning applications frequently come with multiple diverse objectives and constraints that can change over time. Accordingly, trained models can be tuned with sets of hyper-parameters that affect their predictive behavior (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Bracha Laufer-Goldshtein , Adam Fisch , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Shrinkage estimators have profound impacts in statistics and in scientific and engineering applications. In this article, we consider shrinkage estimation in the presence of linear predictors. We formulate two heteroscedastic hierarchical…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-21 Samuel Kou , Justin J. Yang

We propose an empirical Bayes framework for aggregating estimators obtained from several identification functionals associated to the same causal parameter. The central object is a posterior mean that pools a collection of asymptotically…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-21 Carlos García Meixide , David Ríos Insua