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The ultrafast dynamics of charge carriers in solids plays a pivotal role in emerging optoelectronics, photonics, energy harvesting, and quantum technology applications. However, the investigation and direct visualization of such…

Free-electron-based spectroscopies can reveal the nanoscale optical properties of semiconductor materials and nanophotonic devices with a spatial resolution far beyond the diffraction limit of light. However, the retrieved spatial…

Electron-photon temporal correlations in electron energy loss (EELS) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopies have recently been used to measure the relative quantum efficiency of materials. This combined spectroscopy, named…

Time-resolved electron microscopy aims at tracking nanoscale excitations and dynamic states of matter with a temporal resolution ultimately reaching the attosecond regime. Periodically time-varying fields in an illuminated specimen cause…

A 790-nm-driven high-harmonic generation source with a repetition rate of 6 kHz is combined with a toroidal-grating monochromator and a high-detection-efficiency photoelectron time-of-flight momentum microscope to enable time- and…

The ultrafast response of metals to light is governed by intriguing non-equilibrium dynamics involving the interplay of excited electrons and phonons. The coupling between them gives rise to nonlinear diffusion behavior on ultrashort…

Nanoparticle surface structural dynamics is believed to play a significant role in regulating functionalities such as diffusion, reactivity, and catalysis but the atomic-level processes are not well understood. Atomic resolution…

X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism have long served as indispensable tools for probing the electronic and magnetic properties of transition-metal compounds with elemental selectivity. In recent years, the…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-05-11 Hiroki Wadati , Kohei Yamamoto , Kohei Yamagami

Nanotechnology research requires the routine use of characterization methods with high spatial resolution. These experiments are rather costly, not only from the point of view of the expensive microscopes, but also considering the need of a…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-10-12 M. J. Lagos , P. C. da Silva , D. Ugarte

Aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) enables atomic-resolution imaging of dynamic catalytic processes. Correlating atomic-scale structural changes with reaction products detected by mass spectrometry…

This comprehensive review discusses the development of scanning electron microscopy and the application of this technology in different fields such as biology, nanobiotechnology and biomedical science. Besides being a tool for high…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-02 Aniruddha Acharya

A new tool providing material contrast control in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is demonstrated. The approach is based on deep-UV illumination during SEM imaging and delivers a novel material based contrast as well as higher resolution…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-04-07 Gediminas Seniutinas , Armandas Balcytis , Saulius Juodkazis

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is pivotal in revealing intricate micro- and nanoscale features across various research fields. However, obtaining high-resolution SEM images presents challenges, including prolonged scanning durations and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-08 Tom Reclik , Setareh Medghalchi , Philipp Schumacher , Maximilian Wollenweber , Talal Al-Samman , Sandra Korte-Kerzel , Ulrich Kerzel

In this work, non-destructive virtual diagnostics are applied to retrieve the electron beam time of arrival and energy in a relativistic ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) beamline using independently-measured machine parameters. This…

One central challenge in understanding phonon thermal transport is a lack of experimental tools to investigate mode-based transport information. Although recent advances in computation lead to mode-based information, it is hindered by…

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is crucial for observing material's structural and morphological evolution at Angstrom scales, but the electron beam can alter these processes. Devices such as CMOS-based…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-04 Brian Lee , Meng Li , Judith C Yang , Dmitri N Zakharov , Xiaohui Qu

Techniques in time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy have facilitated a number of recent advances in the study of quantum materials. We review developments in this field related to the study of incoherent nonequilibrium…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-10-04 Christopher L. Smallwood , Robert A. Kaindl , Alessandra Lanzara

Electrons photoemitted by extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses derive spatially from the first few atomic surface layers and energetically from the valence band and highest atomic orbitals. As a result, it is possible to probe the emission…

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) delivers high resolution, high depth of focus and an image quality as if microscopic objects are seen by the naked eye. This makes it not only a powerful scientific instrument, but a tool inherently…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Casimir Kuzyk , Alexander Dimitrakopoulos , Alireza Nojeh

A new material characterization technique is emerging for the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Using electron energy-loss spectroscopy, real space mappings of the underlying electronic transitions in the sample, so called orbital…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-05-26 Manuel Ederer , Stefan Löffler