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Formal languages over infinite alphabets serve as abstractions of structures and processes carrying data. Automata models over infinite alphabets, such as classical register automata or, equivalently, nominal orbit-finite automata, tend to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Florian Frank , Daniel Hausmann , Stefan Milius , Lutz Schröder , Henning Urbat

Parikh automata extend automata with counters whose values can only be tested at the end of the computation, with respect to membership into a semi-linear set. Parikh automata have found several applications, for instance in transducer…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Emmanuel Filiot , Shibashis Guha , Nicolas Mazzocchi

This paper contains two results on timed extensions of pushdown automata (PDA). As our first result we prove that the model of dense-timed PDA of Abdulla et al. collapses: it is expressively equivalent to dense-timed PDA with timeless…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-20 Lorenzo Clemente , Sławomir Lasota

We consider notions of freeness and ambiguity for the acceptance probability of Moore-Crutchfield Measure Once Quantum Finite Automata (MO-QFA). We study the injectivity problem of determining if the acceptance probability function of a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Paul C. Bell , Mika Hirvensalo

This paper shows that the satisfiability problem for probabilistic CTL (PCTL, for short) is undecidable. By a reduction from $1\frac{1}{2}$-player games with PCTL winning objectives, we establish that the PCTL satisfiability problem is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-12-01 Souymodip Chakraborty , Joost-Pieter Katoen

Most slowly synchronizing automata over binary alphabets are circular, i.e., containing a letter permuting the states in a single cycle, and their set of synchronizing words has maximal state complexity, which also implies complete…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Stefan Hoffmann

We consider the problem of minimising the number of states in a multiplicity tree automaton over the field of rational numbers. We give a minimisation algorithm that runs in polynomial time assuming unit-cost arithmetic. We also show that a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Stefan Kiefer , Ines Marusic , James Worrell

Promise problems were mainly studied in quantum automata theory. Here we focus on state complexity of classical automata for promise problems. First, it was known that there is a family of unary promise problems solvable by quantum automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Viliam Geffert , Abuzer Yakaryilmaz

We prove that, paying a polynomial increase in size only, every unrestricted two-way nondeterministic finite automaton (2NFA) can be complemented by a 1-limited automaton (1-LA), a nondeterministic extension of 2NFAs still characterizing…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Bruno Guillon , Luca Prigioniero , Javad Taheri

Timed pushdown automata (TPDA) are an expressive formalism combining recursion with a rich logic of timing constraints. We prove that reachability relations of TPDA are expressible in linear arithmetic, a rich logic generalising Presburger…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Lorenzo Clemente , Sławomir Lasota

We study the computational complexity of universality and inclusion problems for unambiguous finite automata and context-free grammars. We observe that several such problems can be reduced to the universality problem for unambiguous…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Lorenzo Clemente

Recently, an infinite hierarchy of languages accepted by stateless deterministic pushdown automata has been established based on the number of pushdown symbols. However, the witness language for the n-th level of the hierarchy is over an…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-08-27 Tomáš Masopust

Unambiguous B\"uchi automata, i.e. B\"uchi automata allowing only one accepting run per word, are a useful restriction of B\"uchi automata that is well-suited for probabilistic model-checking. In this paper we propose a more permissive…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Christof Löding , Anton Pirogov

In this study, we investigate a robust single-machine scheduling problem under processing time uncertainty. The uncertainty is modeled using the budgeted approach, where each job has a nominal and deviation processing time, and the number…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Noam Goldberg , Dvir Shabtay

A deterministic finite automaton in which every non-empty set of states occurs as the image of the whole state set under the action of a suitable input word is called completely reachable. It was conjectured that in each completely…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-20 David Casas , Mikhail V. Volkov

Probabilistic timed automata are an extension of timed automata with discrete probability distributions. We consider model-checking algorithms for the subclasses of probabilistic timed automata which have one or two clocks. Firstly, we show…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Marcin Jurdzinski , Francois Laroussinie , Jeremy Sproston

Automata over infinite words, also known as omega-automata, play a key role in the verification and synthesis of reactive systems. The spectrum of omega-automata is defined by two characteristics: the acceptance condition (e.g. B\"uchi or…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Rayna Dimitrova , Bernd Finkbeiner , Hazem Torfah

We study the computational complexity of universality and inclusion problems for unambiguous finite automata and context-free grammars. We observe that several such problems can be reduced to the universality problem for unambiguous…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Lorenzo Clemente

Given an order of the underlying alphabet we can lift it to the states of a finite deterministic automaton: to compare states we use the order of the strings reaching them. When the order on strings is the co-lexicographic one \emph{and}…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Giovanna D'Agostino , Davide Martincigh , Alberto Policriti

The determinisation problem for min-plus (tropical) weighted automata was recently shown to be decidable. However, the proof is purely existential, relying on several non-constructive arguments. Our contribution in this work is twofold:…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shaull Almagor , Guy Arbel , Sarai Sheinvald