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Justification logics are special kinds of modal logics which provide a framework for reasoning about epistemic justifications. For this, they extend classical boolean propositional logic by a family of necessity-style modal operators "t:",…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Nicholas Pischke

After a concise introduction to the square of opposition, in particular, and, Aristotelian Diagrams, in general, I describe how one can create a mathematical universe to host these objects. Since these objects assume that the underlying…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Apostolos Syropoulos

We discuss two two-layered logics formalising reasoning with paraconsistent probabilities that combine the Lukasiewicz $[0,1]$-valued logic with Baaz $\triangle$ operator and the Belnap--Dunn logic.

Logic · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Marta Bilkova , Sabine Frittella , Daniil Kozhemiachenko , Ondrej Majer

We explore the problem of explaining observations in contexts involving statements with truth degrees such as `the lift is loaded', `the symptoms are severe', etc. To formalise these contexts, we consider infinitely-valued {\L}ukasiewicz…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Katsumi Inoue , Daniil Kozhemiachenko

Many-valued logics in general, and fuzzy logics in particular, usually focus on a notion of consequence based on preservation of full truth, typical represented by the value 1 in the semantics given the real unit interval [0,1]. In a recent…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Guillermo Badia , Ronald Fagin , Carles Noguera

Modern applications combine information from a great variety of sources. Oftentimes, some of these sources, like Machine-Learning systems, are not strictly binary but associated with some degree of (lack of) confidence in the observation.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Matthias Lanzinger , Stefano Sferrazza , Georg Gottlob

A key problem in the application of first-order probabilistic methods is the enormous size of graphical models they imply. The size results from the possible worlds that can be generated by a domain of objects and relations. One of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-04-22 Daniel Nyga , Michael Beetz

Continuing to pursue a research direction that we already explored in connection with G\"odel-Dummett logic and Ruspini partitions, we show here that {\L}ukasiewicz logic is able to express the notion of pseudo-triangular basis of fuzzy…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-11-26 Pietro Codara , Ottavio M. D'Antona , Vincenzo Marra

In this paper we present a propositional logic programming language for reasoning under possibilistic uncertainty and representing vague knowledge. Formulas are represented by pairs (A, c), where A is a many-valued proposition and c is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Teresa Alsinet , Lluis Godo

We introduce a~paraconsistent modal logic $\mathbf{K}\mathsf{G}^2$, based on G\"{o}del logic with coimplication (bi-G\"{o}del logic) expanded with a De Morgan negation $\neg$. We use the logic to formalise reasoning with graded, incomplete…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-08-16 Marta Bílková , Sabine Frittella , Daniil Kozhemiachenko

Analytic proof calculi are introduced for box and diamond fragments of basic modal fuzzy logics that combine the Kripke semantics of modal logic K with the many-valued semantics of G\"odel logic. The calculi are used to establish…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-07-01 George Metcalfe , Nicola Olivetti

We establish decidability for the infinitely many axiomatic extensions of the commutative Full Lambek logic with weakening FLew (i.e. IMALLW) that have a cut-free hypersequent proof calculus (specifically: every analytic structural rule…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-04-21 A. R. Balasubramanian , Timo Lang , Revantha Ramanayake

We explore a fuzzy modal logic that can formalise probabilistic reasoning about actions and knowledge. In particular, we deal with contexts involving statements about events expressed via modal formulas, e.g., "after doing $a$, the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Daniil Kozhemiachenko , Igor Sedlár

One of the nice properties of the first-order logic is the compactness of satisfiability. It state that a finitely satisfiable theory is satisfiable. However, different degrees of satisfiability in many-valued logics, poses various kind of…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-06-02 Seyed Mohammad Amin Khatami

This paper proposes the meeting of fuzzy logic with paraconsistency in a very precise and foundational way. Specifically, in this paper we introduce expansions of the fuzzy logic MTL by means of primitive operators for consistency and…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-03-15 Marcelo Coniglio , Francesc Esteva , Lluís Godo

The paper explores properties of {\L}ukasiewicz mu-calculus, a version of the quantitative/probabilistic modal mu-calculus containing both weak and strong conjunctions and disjunctions from {\L}ukasiewicz (fuzzy) logic. We show that this…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-09-05 Matteo Mio , Alex Simpson

Description Logics (DLs) are suitable, well-known, logics for managing structured knowledge. They allow reasoning about individuals and well defined concepts, i.e., set of individuals with common properties. The experience in using DLs in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-06 U. Straccia

This paper employs the linear nested sequent framework to design a new cut-free calculus LNIF for intuitionistic fuzzy logic--the first-order G\"odel logic characterized by linear relational frames with constant domains. Linear nested…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Tim Lyon

Real-valued logics underlie an increasing number of neuro-symbolic approaches, though typically their logical inference capabilities are characterized only qualitatively. We provide foundations for establishing the correctness and power of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Ronald Fagin , Ryan Riegel , Alexander Gray

Classical logic has a serious limitation in that it cannot cope with the issues of vagueness and uncertainty into which fall most modes of human reasoning. In order to provide a foundation for human knowledge representation and reasoning in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-30 Van Hung Le