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We introduce a general theoretical framework, designed for the study of gradient optimisation of deep neural networks, that encompasses ubiquitous architecture choices including batch normalisation, weight normalisation and skip…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Lachlan Ewen MacDonald , Jack Valmadre , Hemanth Saratchandran , Simon Lucey

Augmenting neural networks with skip connections, as introduced in the so-called ResNet architecture, surprised the community by enabling the training of networks of more than 1,000 layers with significant performance gains. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Alireza Zaeemzadeh , Nazanin Rahnavard , Mubarak Shah

The residual network is now one of the most effective structures in deep learning, which utilizes the skip connections to ``guarantee" the performance will not get worse. However, the non-convexity of the neural network makes it unclear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Lifu Wang , Bo Shen , Ning Zhao , Zhiyuan Zhang

Skip connections made the training of very deep networks possible and have become an indispensable component in a variety of neural architectures. A completely satisfactory explanation for their success remains elusive. Here, we present a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-06 A. Emin Orhan , Xaq Pitkow

Depth completion, inferring dense depth maps from sparse measurements, is crucial for robust 3D perception. Although deep learning based methods have made tremendous progress in this problem, these models cannot generalize well across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Haotian Wang , Meng Yang , Xinhu Zheng , Gang Hua

In deep learning, Residual Networks (ResNets) have proven effective in addressing the vanishing gradient problem, allowing for the successful training of very deep networks. However, skip connections in ResNets can lead to gradient overlap,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Juyoung Yun

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have gained attention as a promising alternative to traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs) due to their potential for energy efficiency and their ability to model spiking behavior in biological systems.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Hadjer Benmeziane , Amine Ziad Ounnoughene , Imane Hamzaoui , Younes Bouhadjar

Skip connections and normalisation layers form two standard architectural components that are ubiquitous for the training of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), but whose precise roles are poorly understood. Recent approaches such as Deep Kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Bobby He , James Martens , Guodong Zhang , Aleksandar Botev , Andrew Brock , Samuel L Smith , Yee Whye Teh

Modern deep neural networks exhibit strong generalization even in highly overparameterized regimes. Significant progress has been made to understand this phenomenon in the context of supervised learning, but for unsupervised tasks such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-02 Jonghyun Ham , Maximilian Fleissner , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar

The rapid advancements in deep learning necessitate better training methods for deep neural networks (DNNs). As models grow in complexity, vanishing and exploding gradients impede performance, particularly in skip-connected architectures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Juyoung Yun

Skip connections in deep networks have improved both segmentation and classification performance by facilitating the training of deeper network architectures, and reducing the risks for vanishing gradients. They equip encoder-decoder-like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Saeid Asgari Taghanaki , Aicha Bentaieb , Anmol Sharma , S. Kevin Zhou , Yefeng Zheng , Bogdan Georgescu , Puneet Sharma , Sasa Grbic , Zhoubing Xu , Dorin Comaniciu , Ghassan Hamarneh

Skip connections are an essential component of current state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) such as ResNet, WideResNet, DenseNet, and ResNeXt. Despite their huge success in building deeper and more powerful DNNs, we identify a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Dongxian Wu , Yisen Wang , Shu-Tao Xia , James Bailey , Xingjun Ma

Deep learning has made significant progress in computer vision, specifically in image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. The skip connection has played an essential role in the architecture of deep neural…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-11 Guoping Xu , Xiaxia Wang , Xinglong Wu , Xuesong Leng , Yongchao Xu

Skip connections are central to U-Net architectures for image denoising, but standard concatenation doubles channel dimensionality and obscures information flow, allowing uncontrolled noise transfer. We propose the Additive U-Net, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Vikram R Lakkavalli

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a popular choice of model for tasks in computer vision. When CNNs are made with many layers, resulting in a deep neural network, skip connections may be added to create an easier gradient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Johnny Joyce , Jan Verschelde

The Transformer architecture has significantly advanced deep learning, particularly in natural language processing, by effectively managing long-range dependencies. However, as the demand for understanding complex relationships grows,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Qinglin Zhang , Siqi Zheng , Shiliang Zhang , Chong Deng , Hai Yu , Jiaqing Liu , Yukun Ma , Chong Zhang

Over past few years afterward the birth of ResNet, skip connection has become the defacto standard for the design of modern architectures due to its widespread adoption, easy optimization and proven performance. Prior work has explained the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Dengsheng Chen , Jie Hu , Wenwen Qiang , Xiaoming Wei , Enhua Wu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been studied through the lens of expressive power and generalization. However, their optimization properties are less well understood. We take the first step towards analyzing GNN training by studying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Keyulu Xu , Mozhi Zhang , Stefanie Jegelka , Kenji Kawaguchi

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are different from the classical networks used in deep learning: the neurons communicate using electrical impulses called spikes, just like biological neurons. SNNs are appealing for AI technology, because…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Nandan Meda

In recent years, Recurrent Spiking Neural Networks (RSNNs) have shown promising potential in long-term temporal modeling. Many studies focus on improving neuron models and also integrate recurrent structures, leveraging their synergistic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Shang Xu , Jiayu Zhang , Ziming Wang , Runhao Jiang , Rui Yan , Huajin Tang
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