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We introduce a new technique for gradient normalization during neural network training. The gradients are rescaled during the backward pass using normalization layers introduced at certain points within the network architecture. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Alejandro Cabana , Luis F. Lago-Fernández

In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method to stabilize extremely deep Transformers. Specifically, we introduce a new normalization function (DeepNorm) to modify the residual connection in Transformer, accompanying with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Hongyu Wang , Shuming Ma , Li Dong , Shaohan Huang , Dongdong Zhang , Furu Wei

A long-standing obstacle to progress in deep learning is the problem of vanishing and exploding gradients. Although, the problem has largely been overcome via carefully constructed initializations and batch normalization, architectures…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-07 David Balduzzi , Marcus Frean , Lennox Leary , JP Lewis , Kurt Wan-Duo Ma , Brian McWilliams

Scaling factors in residual branches have emerged as a prevalent method for boosting neural network performance, especially in normalization-free architectures. While prior work has primarily examined scaling effects from an optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zixiong Yu , Guhan Chen , Jianfa Lai , Bohan Li , Songtao Tian

Permutation invariant neural networks are a promising tool for making predictions from sets. However, we show that existing permutation invariant architectures, Deep Sets and Set Transformer, can suffer from vanishing or exploding gradients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Lily H. Zhang , Veronica Tozzo , John M. Higgins , Rajesh Ranganath

Recent advances in diffusion models for image generation have led to detailed examinations of several components within the U-Net architecture for image editing. While previous studies have focused on the bottleneck layer (h-space),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Ludovica Schaerf , Andrea Alfarano , Fabrizio Silvestri , Leonardo Impett

Deep neural networks use skip connections to improve training convergence. However, these skip connections are costly in hardware, requiring extra buffers and increasing on- and off-chip memory utilization and bandwidth requirements. In…

Dynamic DNN optimization techniques such as layer-skipping offer increased adaptability and efficiency gains but can lead to i) a larger memory footprint as in decision gates, ii) increased training complexity (e.g., with non-differentiable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Guilherme Korol , Antonio Carlos Schneider Beck , Jeronimo Castrillon

One of the difficulties of training deep neural networks is caused by improper scaling between layers. Scaling issues introduce exploding / gradient problems, and have typically been addressed by careful scale-preserving initialization. We…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-04-27 Henry Z. Lo , Kevin Amaral , Wei Ding

The over-parametrized nature of Deep Neural Networks leads to considerable hindrances during deployment on low-end devices with time and space constraints. Network pruning strategies that sparsify DNNs using iterative prune-train schemes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Arvind Subramaniam , Avinash Sharma

As an important class of spiking neural networks (SNNs), recurrent spiking neural networks (RSNNs) possess great computational power and have been widely used for processing sequential data like audio and text. However, most RSNNs suffer…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Wenrui Zhang , Peng Li

In this paper, we introduce the novel concept of densely connected layers into recurrent neural networks. We evaluate our proposed architecture on the Penn Treebank language modeling task. We show that we can obtain similar perplexity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Fréderic Godin , Joni Dambre , Wesley De Neve

Existing work has linked properties of a function's gradient to the difficulty of function approximation. Motivated by these insights, we study how gradient information can be leveraged to improve neural network's ability to approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yangchen Pan , Qizhen Ying , Philip Torr , Bo Liu

Scaling network depth has been a central driver behind the success of modern foundation models, yet recent investigations suggest that deep layers are often underutilized. This paper revisits the default mechanism for deepening neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Niao He , Georgios B. Giannakis

While deeper convolutional networks are needed to achieve maximum accuracy in visual perception tasks, for many inputs shallower networks are sufficient. We exploit this observation by learning to skip convolutional layers on a per-input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Xin Wang , Fisher Yu , Zi-Yi Dou , Trevor Darrell , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Reparameterization aims to improve the generalization of deep neural networks by transforming convolutional layers into equivalent multi-branched structures during training. However, there exists a gap in understanding how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Alexander Detkov , Mohammad Salameh , Muhammad Fetrat Qharabagh , Jialin Zhang , Wei Lui , Shangling Jui , Di Niu

Handling the ever-increasing scale of contemporary deep learning and transformer-based models poses a significant challenge. Overparameterized Transformer networks outperform prior art in Natural Language processing and Computer Vision.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Soheil Zibakhsh Shabgahi , Mohammad Sohail Shariff , Farinaz Koushanfar

Conventional scaling of neural networks typically involves designing a base network and growing different dimensions like width, depth, etc. of the same by some predefined scaling factors. We introduce an automated scaling approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Akash Guna R. T , Arnav Chavan , Deepak Gupta

Normalization techniques have only recently begun to be exploited in supervised learning tasks. Batch normalization exploits mini-batch statistics to normalize the activations. This was shown to speed up training and result in better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Mengye Ren , Renjie Liao , Raquel Urtasun , Fabian H. Sinz , Richard S. Zemel

The great advances of learning-based approaches in image processing and computer vision are largely based on deeply nested networks that compose linear transfer functions with suitable non-linearities. Interestingly, the most frequently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Peter Ochs , Tim Meinhardt , Laura Leal-Taixe , Michael Moeller