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Bounded confidence opinion dynamics model the propagation of information in social networks. However in the existing literature, opinions are only viewed as abstract quantities without semantics rather than as part of a decision-making…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-06-17 Kush R. Varshney

In traditional voter models, opinion dynamics are driven by interactions between individuals, where an individual adopts the opinion of a randomly chosen neighbor. However, these models often fail to capture the emergence of entirely new…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-10-27 Jeehye Choi , Byungjoon Min , Tobias Galla

In Bayesian statistics, the choice of prior distribution is often debatable, especially if prior knowledge is limited or data are scarce. In imprecise probability, sets of priors are used to accurately model and reflect prior knowledge.…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-25 Gero Walter , Frank P. A. Coolen

Bayesian inference provides a powerful tool for leveraging observational data to inform model predictions and uncertainties. However, when such data is limited, Bayesian inference may not adequately constrain uncertainty without the use of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-26 Rebekah D. White , John D. Jakeman , Tim Wildey , Troy Butler

Reinforcement learning in partially observable environments is typically challenging, as it requires agents to learn an estimate of the underlying system state. These challenges are exacerbated in multi-agent settings, where agents learn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Paul J. Pritz , Kin K. Leung

Participants in political discourse employ rhetorical strategies -- such as hedging, attributions, or denials -- to display varying degrees of belief commitments to claims proposed by themselves or others. Traditionally, political…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Ankita Gupta , Su Lin Blodgett , Justin H Gross , Brendan O'Connor

A central concept in active inference is that the internal states of a physical system parametrise probability measures over states of the external world. These can be seen as an agent's beliefs, expressed as a Bayesian prior or posterior.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Nathaniel Virgo , Martin Biehl , Simon McGregor

Sensory processing is often characterized as implementing probabilistic inference: networks of neurons compute posterior beliefs over unobserved causes given the sensory inputs. How these beliefs are computed and represented by neural…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-11-27 Sabyasachi Shivkumar , Richard D. Lange , Ankani Chattoraj , Ralf M. Haefner

We study the performance of different methods for processing information, incorporating narrative selection within an evolutionary model. All agents update their beliefs according to Bayes' Rule, but some strategically choose the narrative…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-06 Federico Innocenti , Roberto Rozzi

A fundamental problem in science is how to make logical inferences from scientific data. Mere data does not suffice since additional information is necessary to select a domain of models or hypotheses and thus determine the likelihood of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Moorad Alexanian

As scientists we like to think that modern societies and their members base their views, opinions and behaviour on scientific facts. This is not necessarily the case, even though we are all (over-) exposed to information flow through…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-06-04 Gerardo Iñiguez , Julia Tagüeña-Martínez , Kimmo K. Kaski , R. A. Barrio

The aggregation of many independent estimates can outperform the most accurate individual judgment. This centenarian finding, popularly known as the wisdom of crowds, has been applied to problems ranging from the diagnosis of cancer to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Joaquin Navajas , Tamara Niella , Gerry Garbulsky , Bahador Bahrami , Mariano Sigman

Inference is the process of using facts we know to learn about facts we do not know. A theory of inference gives assumptions necessary to get from the former to the latter, along with a definition for and summary of the resulting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-27 Beau Coker , Cynthia Rudin , Gary King

People naturally bring their prior beliefs to bear on how they interpret the new information, yet few formal models exist for accounting for the influence of users' prior beliefs in interactions with data presentations like visualizations.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Yea-Seul Kim , Logan A Walls , Peter Krafft , Jessica Hullman

The provision of information can improve individual judgments but also fail to make group decisions more accurate; if individuals choose to attend to the same information in the same manner, the predictive diversity that enables crowd…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-29 Jon Atwell , Marlon Twyman

This paper develops a data-driven approach to Bayesian persuasion. The receiver is privately informed about the prior distribution of the state of the world, the sender knows the receiver's preferences but does not know the distribution of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-06 Maxwell Rosenthal

This paper characterizes the conditions under which the observed beliefs of a group of agents are consistent with Bayesian updating. Beliefs are consistent with Bayesianism if they arise from the application of Bayes' rule given some…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-01-19 Pooya Molavi

A case is made that researchers are interested in studying processes. Often the inferences they are interested in making are about the process and its associated population. On other occasions, a researcher may be interested in making an…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-06-20 Charles W. Champ , Andrew V. Sills

Intelligent agents must be able to articulate its own uncertainty. In this work, we show that pre-trained sequence models are naturally capable of probabilistic reasoning over exchangeable data points -- forming informed beliefs and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-02 Naimeng Ye , Hongseok Namkoong

Science consists on conceiving hypotheses, confronting them with empirical evidence, and keeping only hypotheses which have not yet been falsified. Under deductive reasoning they are conceived in view of a theory and confronted with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Diego Marcondes , Adilson Simonis , Junior Barrera