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The Markov, Chebyshev, and Chernoff inequalities are some of the most widely used methods for bounding the tail probabilities of random variables. In all three cases, the bounds are tight in the sense that there exists easy examples where…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-03-20 Mark Huber

This paper introduces a distribution-dependent PAC-Chernoff bound that exhibits perfect tightness for interpolators, even within over-parameterized model classes. This bound, which relies on basic principles of Large Deviation Theory,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Andrés R. Masegosa , Luis A. Ortega

Lyapunov exponents describe the asymptotic behavior of the singular values of large products of random matrices. A direct computation of these exponents is however often infeasible. By establishing a link between Lyapunov exponents and an…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-12-24 David Sutter , Omar Fawzi , Renato Renner

Random matrix models encode a theory of random two dimensional surfaces with applications to string theory, conformal field theory, statistical physics in random geometry and quantum gravity in two dimensions. The key to their success lies…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-09-21 Razvan Gurau

Active learning can reduce the number of samples needed to perform a hypothesis test and to estimate the parameters of a model. In this paper, we revisit the work of Chernoff that described an asymptotically optimal algorithm for performing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-14 Subhojyoti Mukherjee , Ardhendu Tripathy , Robert Nowak

In this paper, we derive new probability bounds for Chebyshev's inequality if the supremum of the probability density function is known. This result holds for one-dimensional or multivariate continuous probability distributions with finite…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-12 Tomohiro Nishiyama

This article introduces an algebraic framework for establishing eigenvalue bounds for symmetric positive definite tensors by leveraging intrinsic invariants, specifically the trace and determinant (resultant). We derive a hierarchy of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Snigdhashree Nayak , Hemant Sharma , Nachiketa Mishra

We introduce a new PAC-Bayes oracle bound for unbounded losses that extends Cram\'er-Chernoff bounds to the PAC-Bayesian setting. The proof technique relies on controlling the tails of certain random variables involving the Cram\'er…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-31 Ioar Casado , Luis A. Ortega , Aritz Pérez , Andrés R. Masegosa

The ultimate limits of quantum state discrimination are often thought to be captured by asymptotic bounds that restrict the achievable error probabilities, notably the quantum Chernoff and Hoeffding bounds. Here we study hypothesis testing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Kaiyuan Ji , Bartosz Regula

This paper describes the construction of a lower bound for the tails of general random variables, using solely knowledge of their moment generating function. The tilting procedure used allows for the construction of lower bounds that are…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Ted Theodosopoulos

When dealing with modern big data sets, a very common theme is reducing the set through a random process. These generally work by making "many simple estimates" of the full data set, and then judging them as a whole. Perhaps magically,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-02-20 Jeff M. Phillips

This paper presents new probability inequalities for sums of independent, random, self-adjoint matrices. These results place simple and easily verifiable hypotheses on the summands, and they deliver strong conclusions about the…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-04-29 Joel A. Tropp

We revisit the derivation of expurgated error exponents using a method of type class enumeration, which is inspired by statistical-mechanical methods, and which has already been used in the derivation of random coding exponents in several…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Neri Merhav

Generalized Zeckendorf decompositions are expansions of integers as sums of elements of solutions to recurrence relations. The simplest cases are base-$b$ expansions, and the standard Zeckendorf decomposition uses the Fibonacci sequence.…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-17 Iddo Ben-Ari , Steven J. Miller

Many problems in high-dimensional statistics appear to have a statistical-computational gap: a range of values of the signal-to-noise ratio where inference is information-theoretically possible, but (conjecturally) computationally…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-30 Dmitriy Kunisky , Cristopher Moore , Alexander S. Wein

Upper and lower bounds are obtained for the joint entropy of a collection of random variables in terms of an arbitrary collection of subset joint entropies. These inequalities generalize Shannon's chain rule for entropy as well as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Mokshay Madiman , Prasad Tetali

Azuma's inequality is a tool for proving concentration bounds on random variables. The inequality can be thought of as a natural generalization of additive Chernoff bounds. On the other hand, the analogous generalization of multiplicative…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-07 William Kuszmaul , Qi Qi

We present novel bounds for estimating discrete probability distributions under the $\ell_\infty$ norm. These are nearly optimal in various precise senses, including a kind of instance-optimality. Our data-dependent convergence guarantees…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-14 Aryeh Kontorovich , Amichai Painsky

An identity between two versions of the Chernoff bound on the probability a certain large deviations event, is established. This identity has an interpretation in statistical physics, namely, an isothermal equilibrium of a composite system…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Neri Merhav

Chernoff approximations to strongly continuous one-parameter semigroups give solutions to a wide class of differential equations. This paper studies the rate of convergence of the Chernoff approximations. We provide simple natural examples…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-02 Oleg E. Galkin , Ivan D. Remizov