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In this paper we establish a number of new estimates concerning the prime counting function \pi(x), which improve the estimates proved in the literature. As an application, we deduce a new result concerning the existence of prime numbers in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-01-13 Christian Axler

We prove a highly uniform version of the prime number theorem for a certain class of $L$-functions. The range of $x$ depends polynomially on the analytic conductor, and the error term is expressed in terms of an optimization problem…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Ikuya Kaneko , Jesse Thorner

In this paper, we establish new bounds for classical prime-counting functions. All of our bounds are explicit and assume the Riemann Hypothesis. First, we prove that $|\psi(x) - x|$ and $|\vartheta(x) - x|$ are bounded from above by…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-03 Ethan Simpson Lee , Paweł Nosal

Using a recent verification of the Riemann hypothesis up to height $3\cdot 10^{12}$, we provide strong estimates on $\pi(x)$ and other prime counting functions for finite ranges of $x$. In particular, we get that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-15 Daniel R. Johnston

In his paper "On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude", Bernhard Riemann introduced a prime counting function F(x) which counts the number of primes under x. Riemann obtained an analytic expression for F(x) by evaluating an…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2009-06-17 Dominic C. Milioto

This research article provides an unconditional proof of an inequality proposed by Srinivasa Ramanujan involving the Prime Counting Function $\pi(x)$, \begin{align*} (\pi(x))^{2}<\frac{ex}{\log x}\pi\left(\frac{x}{e}\right) \end{align*} for…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-08-21 Subham De

In this paper a new integral for the remainder of $\pi(x)$ is obtained. It is proved that there is an infinite set of the formulae containing miscellaneous parts of this integral.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2011-05-26 Jan Moser

We present the first fixed-length elementary closed-form expressions for the prime-counting function, $\pi(n)$, and the $n$-th prime number, $p(n)$. These expressions are arithmetic terms, requiring only a finite and fixed number of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Mihai Prunescu , Joseph M. Shunia

We establish why li(x) outperforms x/log x as an estimate for the prime counting function pi(x). The result follows from subdividing the natural numbers into the intervals s_k :={p_k^2,..., p_{k+1}^2-1}, k>=1, each being fully sieved by the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-11-06 Kolbjørn Tunstrøm

We give here a new proof of a Tauberian Theorem of complex Laplace transform using the Theory of measure and theory of function with bounded variations. However we deduce the simple proof of Prime Number Theorem.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-03-03 Lahoucine Elaissaoui

By combining and improving recent techniques and results, we provide explicit estimates for the error terms $|\pi(x)-\text{li}(x)|$, $|\theta(x)-x|$ and $|\psi(x)-x|$ appearing in the prime number theorem. For example, we show for all…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-21 Daniel R. Johnston , Andrew Yang

The set of short intervals between consecutive primes squared has the pleasant---but seemingly unexploited---property that each interval $s_k:=\{p_k^2, \dots,p_{k+1}^2-1\}$ is fully sieved by the $k$ first primes. Here we take advantage of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-13 Kolbjørn Tunstrøm

A new parametric integral is obtained as a consequence of the Riemann hypothesis. An asymptotic multiplicability is the main property of this integral.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2010-11-03 Jan Moser

In this paper we give new estimates for integrals involving some arithmetic functions defined over prime numbers. The main focus here is on the prime counting function $\pi(x)$ and the Chebyshev $\vartheta$-function. Some of these estimates…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-18 Christian Axler

The Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the $\varpi$-form of the prime number theorem as $\varpi(x) =O(x\sp{1/2} \log\sp{2} x)$, where $\varpi(x) =\sum\sb{n\le x}\ \bigl(\Lambda(n) -1\big)$ with the sum running through the set of all…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-06-16 Yuanyou Cheng

The results of the study provide guidelines for the development and applications of algorithms. When the number of steps for calculating an assumption tends to infinity, probability theory can be applied to predict whether the assumption…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Yasuo Nishii

Two topics of the number theory are discussed in this paper. First, we prove that given each natural number $x\geq10^{3}$, we have \[ |{\rm Li}(x)-\pi(x)|\leq c\sqrt{x}\log x\texttt{ and } \pi(x)={\rm Li}(x)+O(\sqrt{x}\log x) \] where $c$…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Shan-Guang Tan

We present the formalization of Dirichlet's theorem on the infinitude of primes in arithmetic progressions, and Selberg's elementary proof of the prime number theorem, which asserts that the number $\pi(x)$ of primes less than $x$ is…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-08-09 Mario Carneiro

We present an improved version of the analytic method for calculating $\pi(x)$, the number of prime numbers not exceeding $x$. We implemented this method in cooperation with J. Franke, T. Kleinjung and A. Jost and calculated the value…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-09 Jan Büthe

Counting the number of prime numbers up to a certain natural number and describing the asymptotic behavior of such a counting function has been studied by famous mathematicians like Gauss, Legendre, Dirichlet, and Euler. The prime number…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-11 Jonatan Gomez