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Time has emerged as a new degree of freedom for metamaterials, promising new pathways in wave control. However, electromagnetism suffers from limitations in the modulation speed of material parameters. Here we argue that these limitations…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-11-20 E. Galiffi , P. A. Huidobro , J. B. Pendry

Recently, we demonstrated how an astrophotonic light reformatting device, based on a multicore fibre photonic lantern and a three-dimensional waveguide component, can be used to efficiently reformat the point spread function of a telescope…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-15 Fraser A. Pike , Aurélien Benoît , David G. MacLachlan , Robert J. Harris , Itandehui Gris Sánchez , David Lee , Tim A. Birks , Robert R. Thomson

Spatiotemporal modulation approaches have been often employed as alternatives for producing optical non-reciprocity without magneto-optic materials. Unidirectional inter-modal scattering, enabled by either acousto-optic or electro-optic…

Scattering of obliquely incident electromagnetic waves from periodically space-time modulated slabs is investigated. It is shown that such structures operate as nonreciprocal harmonic generators and spatial-frequency filters. For oblique…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-01-03 Sajjad Taravati , Nima Chamanara , Christophe Caloz

Breaking optical reciprocity enables new regimes of light--matter interaction with broad implications for fundamental physics and emerging quantum technologies. Although various approaches have been explored to achieve optical…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-11 Jierui Hu , Hao Yuan , Joshua Akin , Shanhui Fan , Kejie Fang

We demonstrate a synthetic Hall effect for light, using an acousto-optically modulated nanophotonic resonator chain. To produce this effect, we simultaneously generate the required synthetic electric field using temporal modulation, and the…

We propose an all-optical approach to achieve optical nonreciprocity on a chip by quantum squeezing one of two coupled resonator modes. By parametric pumping a nonlinear resonator unidirectionally with a classical coherent field, we squeeze…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-25 Lei Tang , Jiangshan Tang , Mingyuan Chen , Franco Nori , Min Xiao , Keyu Xia

We demonstrate nonreciprocal optical transmission for both intense classical fields and weak quantum signals within a reconfigurable optomechanical platform driven by three-mode parametric interactions. The platform is modular, where each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Yao Dong , Xin-Yao Huang , Guo-Feng Zhang

In lossless acoustic systems, mode transitions are always time-reversible, consistent with Lorentz reciprocity, giving rise to symmetric sound manipulation in space-time. To overcome this fundamental limitation and break space-time…

Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are the foundation of on-chip optical technologies with the optical modulators being one of the main building blocks of such programmable PICs. However, most of the available modulators…

Optics · Physics 2024-06-19 Jacek Gosciniak

Materials and devices subject to spatiotemporal modulation of their effective properties have a demonstrated ability to support nonreciprocal transmission of waves. Most notably, spatiotemporally modulated systems can restrict wave…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Jiuda Wu , Behrooz Yousefzadeh

This article demonstrates the realization of an extraordinary beam splitter based on nonreciprocal and synchronized photonic transitions in obliquely illuminated space-time-modulated (STM) slabs which impart the coherent temporal frequency…

Optics · Physics 2019-02-06 Sajjad Taravati , Ahmed A. Kishk

Optical circulators are important components of modern day communication technology. With their ability to route photons directionally, these nonreciprocal elements provide useful functionality in photonic circuits and offer prospects for…

The scattering formulation of characteristic mode decomposition is utilized to extend modal analysis to lossless scatterers breaking time-reversal symmetry. This enables characteristic modes analysis on devices containing gyrotropic or…

We study the dynamics of a waveguide made of coupled resonators with a sinusoidal modulation of the resonance frequencies. We present a modulation scheme that achieves complete dynamic localization and is experimentally suitable for optical…

Optics · Physics 2018-02-21 Momchil Minkov , Shanhui Fan

In this paper, we discuss the design rationale and guidelines to build magnet-less circulators based on spatio-temporal modulation of resonant junctions consisting of first-order bandstop filters connected in a delta topology. Without…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-08-10 Ahmed Kord , Dimitrios L. Sounas , Andrea Alù

We find that a new type of non-reciprocal modes exist at an interface between two \emph{parity-time} ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetric magnetic domains (MDs) near the frequency of zero effective permeability. The new mode is non-propagating and…

Optics · Physics 2015-09-01 Jin Wang , Hui Yuan Dong , Chi Wai Ling , C. T. Chan , Kin Hung Fung

This paper addresses the analysis and design of non-reciprocal filters based on time modulated resonators. We analytically show that time modulating a resonator leads to a set of harmonic resonators composed of the unmodulated lumped…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-19 A. Alvarez-Melcon , X. Wu , J. Zang , X. Liu , J. S. Gomez-Diaz

As the diffraction limit is approached, device miniaturization to integrate more functionality per area becomes more and more challenging. Here we propose a novel strategy to increase the functionality-per-area by exploiting the modal…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-05-31 Susobhan Das , Shima Fardad , Inki Kim , Junsuk Rho , Rongqing Hui , Alessandro Salandrino

Magnetic fields break time-reversal symmetry, which is leveraged in many settings to enable the nonreciprocal behavior of light. This is the core physics of circulators and other elements used in a variety of microwave and optical settings.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-19 Brittany Richman , Jacob M. Taylor