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We prove the possibility of achieving non-reciprocal wave propagation in space-time modulated media and give an asymptotic analysis of the non-reciprocity property in terms of the amplitude of the time-modulation. Such modulation causes a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-09-16 Habib Ammari , Jinghao Cao , Erik Orvehed Hiltunen

Non-reciprocal optical components are indispensable in optical applications, and their realization without any magnetic field arose increasing research interests in photonics. Exciting experimental progress has been achieved by either…

We propose to demonstrate nonreciprocal conversion between microwave and optical photons in an electro-optomechanical system where a microwave mode and an optical mode are coupled indirectly via two non-degenerate mechanical modes. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-23 Xun-Wei Xu , Yong Li , Ai-Xi Chen , Yu-xi Liu

In the present paper, a multi-frequency optical non-reciprocal transmission is first realized by using a non-Hermitian multi-mode resonator array.We find that the non-reciprocity can be used to route optical signals, to prevent the reverse…

Optics · Physics 2024-09-04 Jin-Xiang Xue , Chuan-Xun Du , Chengchao Liu , Liu Yang , Yong-Long Wang

Conventional circulators are made of magnetic ferrites and suffer from a cumbersome architecture, incompatibility with integrated circuit technology and inability for high frequency applications. To overcome these limitations, here we…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-07-22 Sajjad Taravati , George V. Eleftheriades

Waveguides subject to spatiotemporal modulations are known to exhibit nonreciprocal vibration transmission, whereby interchanging the locations of the source and receiver change the end-to-end transmission characteristics. The scenario of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Jiuda Wu , Behrooz Yousefzadeh

The control of reflection and refraction at interfaces using engineered media is central to numerous optical technologies, with negative refraction and the suppression of backscattering representing two prominent research frontiers. In this…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-10 Yongge Wang , Jingfeng Yao , Chengxun Yuan , Zhongxiang Zhou

Nonreciprocal signal operation is highly desired for various acoustic applications, where protection from unwanted backscattering can be realized so that transmitting and receiving signals are processed in a full-duplex mode. Here we…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Lijuan Fan , Jun Mei

Achieving and controlling non-reciprocity in engineered photonic structures is of fundamental interest in science and engineering. Here, we introduce a tunable, non-Hermitian, nonlinear microwave dimer designed to precisely implement…

The transportation of photons and phonons typically obeys the principle of reciprocity. Breaking reciprocity of these bosonic excitations will enable the corresponding non-reciprocal devices, such as isolators and circulators. Here, we use…

The on-chip integration of nonreciprocal optical devices remains a critical challenge for modern optoelectronics, as conventional magneto-optic approaches suffer from material incompatibility and excessive optical losses. Nonlinear photonic…

Nonreciprocal optical devices are key components in photonic integrated circuits for light reflection blocking and routing. Most reported silicon integrated nonreciprocal optical devices to date were unit devices. To allow complex signal…

Circumventing the reciprocity invariance has posed an interesting challenge in the design of modern devices for wave engineering. In passive devices, operating the device in the nonlinear response regime is a common means for realizing…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Andrus Giraldo , Behrooz Yousefzadeh

Space-time-varying materials pledge to deliver nonreciprocal dispersion in linear systems by inducing an artificial momentum bias. Although such a paradigm eliminates the need for actual motion of the medium, experimental realization of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-02-18 M. A. Attarzadeh , J. Callanan , M. Nouh

We demonstrate the first active optical isolator and circulator implemented in a linear and reciprocal material platform using commercial Mach-Zehnder modulators. In a proof-of-principle experiment based on single-mode…

A novel concept for the design of nonlinear optical diodes is proposed which uses the multistability of coupled nonlinear microcavities and the dependence of switching thresholds on the direction of incidence. A typical example of such…

Optics · Physics 2011-05-31 Victor Grigoriev , Fabio Biancalana

We present a generic system of three harmonic modes coupled parametrically with a time-varying coupling modulated by a combination of two pump harmonics, and show how this system provides the minimal platform to realize nonreciprocal…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 A. Kamal , A. Metelmann

Integrated plasmonics is advancing rapidly, enabling a wide range of functionalities to be incorporated onto a single chip. Applications span information processing, computation, quantum sensing, and dark-matter detection. This progress has…

Nonreciprocal light propagation is important in many applications, ranging from optical telecommunications to integrated photonics. A simple way to achieve optical nonreciprocity is to use the nonlinear interaction between…

We propose and theoretically demonstrate nonreciprocal negative refraction enabled by time-varying photonic structures. By engineering temporal modulations at the interfaces of hyperbolic media, we achieve isolation between forward and…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-27 Mohammad R. Tavakol , Wenshan Cai