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Surface codes exploit topological protection to increase error resilience in quantum computing devices and can in principle be implemented in existing hardware. They are one of the most promising candidates for active error correction, not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-22 Bettina Heim , Krysta M. Svore , Matthew B. Hastings

We propose to reduce the decoding complexity of polar codes with non-Arikan kernels by employing a (near) ML decoding algorithm for the codes generated by kernel rows. A generalization of the order statistics algorithm is presented for soft…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Peter Trifonov

Recent advances in machine translation (MT) have shown that Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding can be a powerful alternative to beam search decoding, especially when combined with neural-based utility functions. However, the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Markus Freitag , Behrooz Ghorbani , Patrick Fernandes

Reed-Muller (RM) codes achieve the capacity of general binary-input memoryless symmetric channels and are conjectured to have a comparable performance to that of random codes in terms of scaling laws. However, such results are established…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Mohammad Vahid Jamali , Xiyang Liu , Ashok Vardhan Makkuva , Hessam Mahdavifar , Sewoong Oh , Pramod Viswanath

We introduce a low complexity approach to iterative equalization and decoding, or "turbo equalization", that uses clustered models to better match the nonlinear relationship that exists between likelihood information from a channel decoder…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Kyeongyeon Kim , Jun Won Choi , Suleyman S. Kozat , Andrew C. Singer

The successive cancellation list decoder (SCL) is an efficient decoder for classical polar codes with low decoding error, approximating the maximum likelihood decoder (MLD) for small list sizes. Here we adapt the SCL to the task of decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Anqi Gong , Joseph M. Renes

Successive-cancellation list (SCL) decoding is an algorithm that provides very good error-correction performance for polar codes. However, its hardware implementation requires a large amount of memory, mainly to store intermediate results.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Seyyed Ali Hashemi , Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming , Pascal Giard , Claude Thibeault , Warren J. Gross

In NMT we search for the mode of the model distribution to form predictions. The mode and other high-probability translations found by beam search have been shown to often be inadequate in a number of ways. This prevents improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Bryan Eikema , Wilker Aziz

Raptor codes have been widely used in many multimedia broadcast/multicast applications. However, our understanding of Raptor codes is still incomplete due to the insufficient amount of theoretical work on the performance analysis of Raptor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-30 Peng Wang , Guoqiang Mao , Zihuai Lin , Ming Ding , Weifa Liang , Xiaohu Ge , Zhiyun Lin

This paper first presents a new approach to evaluating the descriptive complexity of finite-length binary sequences. Specifically, we investigate the sequence-wise recovery behavior induced by polar compression and successive cancellation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Xinyuanmeng Yao , Xiao Ma

Linear programming (LP) decoding approximates maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of a linear block code by relaxing the equivalent ML integer programming (IP) problem into a more easily solved LP problem. The LP problem is defined by a set of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-01 Xiaojie Zhang , Paul H. Siegel

This paper studies maximum likelihood(ML) decoding in error-correcting codes as rational maps and proposes an approximate ML decoding rule by using a Taylor expansion. The point for the Taylor expansion, which will be denoted by $p$ in the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2010-06-30 Kazunori Hayashi , Yasuaki Hiraoka

We propose a new class of efficient decoding algorithms for Reed-Muller (RM) codes over binary-input memoryless channels. The algorithms are based on projecting the code on its cosets, recursively decoding the projected codes (which are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Min Ye , Emmanuel Abbe

Tree-search decoding is an effective form of test-time scaling for large language models (LLMs), but real-world deployment imposes a fixed per-query token budget that varies across settings. Existing tree-search policies are largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Sora Miyamoto , Daisuke Oba , Naoaki Okazaki

A novel decoding algorithm is developed for general quantum convolutional codes. Exploiting useful ideas from classical coding theory, the new decoder introduces two innovations that drastically reduce the decoding complexity compared to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 Peiyu Tan , Jing Li

We propose a quantum-assisted solution for the maximum likelihood detection (MLD) of generalized spatial modulation (GSM) signals. Specifically, the MLD of GSM is first formulated as a novel polynomial optimization problem, followed by the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-27 Kein Yukiyoshi , Taku Mikuriya , Hyeon Seok Rou , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , Naoki Ishikawa

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced code generation efficiency, they face inherent challenges in balancing performance and inference costs across diverse programming tasks. Dynamically selecting the optimal LLM…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Junhang Cheng , Fang Liu , Chengru Wu , Li Zhang

A common problem on sequential-type decoding is that at the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) below the one corresponding to the cutoff rate, the average decoding complexity per information bit and the required stack size grow rapidly with the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Shin-Lin Shieh , Po-Ning Chen , Yunghsiang S. Han

The end-to-end nature of neural machine translation (NMT) removes many ways of manually guiding the translation process that were available in older paradigms. Recent work, however, has introduced a new capability: lexically constrained or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Matt Post , David Vilar

Constrained sequence codes have been widely used in modern communication and data storage systems. Sequences encoded with constrained sequence codes satisfy constraints imposed by the physical channel, hence enabling efficient and reliable…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Congzhe Cao , Duanshun Li , Ivan Fair
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