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The maximum-likelihood decoding problem is known to be NP-hard for general linear and Reed-Solomon codes. In this paper, we introduce the notion of A-covered codes, that is, codes that can be decoded through a polynomial time algorithm A…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-11-17 Morgan Barbier

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability to generate code, yet their outputs often violate syntactic or semantic constraints when guided only through natural language prompts. We introduce TreeCoder, the most general and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Henrijs Princis , Arindam Sharma , Cristina David

This work identifies information-theoretic quantities that are closely related to the required list size on average for successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding to implement maximum-likelihood decoding over general binary memoryless…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Mustafa Cemil Coşkun , Henry D. Pfister

This letter introduces two fast maximum-likelihood (ML) detection methods for 4*4 quasi-orthogonal space-time block code (QOSTBC). The first algorithm with a relatively simple design exploits structure of quadrature amplitude modulation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Adel Ahmadi , Siamak Talebi

As improved versions of successive cancellation (SC) decoding algorithm, successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding and successive cancellation stack (SCS) decoding are used to improve the finite-length performance of polar codes. Unified…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Kai Chen , Kai Niu , Jia-Ru Lin

We are concerned with the issue of how to calculate the normalized maximum likelihood (NML) code-length. There is a problem that the normalization term of the NML code-length may diverge when it is continuous and unbounded and a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-05-18 So Hirai , Kenji Yamanishi

An efficient decoder for the generalized first-order Reed-Muller code RM_q(1,m) is essential for the decoding of various block-coding schemes for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with reduced peak-to-mean power ratio. We present…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-16 Kai-Uwe Schmidt , Adolf Finger

Detectability of failures of linear programming (LP) decoding and its potential for improvement by adding new constraints motivate the use of an adaptive approach in selecting the constraints for the LP problem. In this paper, we make a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Mohammad H. Taghavi N. , Paul H. Siegel

A new permutation decoding approach for polar codes is presented. The complexity of the algorithm is similar to that of a successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder, while it can be implemented with the latency of a successive cancellation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-18 Mikhail Kamenev , Yulia Kameneva , Oleg Kurmaev , Alexey Maevskiy

Based on the notion of supercodes, we propose a two-phase maximum-likelihood soft-decision decoding (tpMLSD) algorithm for binary linear block codes in this work. The first phase applies the Viterbi algorithm backwardly to a trellis derived…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-07 Yunghsiang S. Han , Hung-Ta Pai , Po-Ning Chen , Ting-Yi Wu

Detectability of failures of linear programming (LP) decoding and the potential for improvement by adding new constraints motivate the use of an adaptive approach in selecting the constraints for the underlying LP problem. In this paper, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Mohammad H. Taghavi , Paul H. Siegel

Spatial modulation (SM) is a promising multiple-input multiple-output system used to increase spectral efficiency. The maximum likelihood (ML) decoder jointly detects the transmitted SM symbol, which is of high complexity. In this paper, a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Ibrahim Al-Nahhal , Octavia A. Dobre , Salama Ikki

Future beyond-5G and 6G systems demand ultra-reliable, low-latency communication with short blocklengths, motivating the development of universal decoding algorithms. Guessing decoding, which infers the noise or codeword candidate in order…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Qianfan Wang , Jifan Liang , Peihong Yuan , Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard , Xiao Ma

We describe two implementations of the optimal error correction algorithm known as the maximum likelihood decoder (MLD) for the 2D surface code with a noiseless syndrome extraction. First, we show how to implement MLD exactly in time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-01 Sergey Bravyi , Martin Suchara , Alexander Vargo

Recently, a parallel decoding framework of $G_N$-coset codes was proposed. High throughput is achieved by decoding the independent component polar codes in parallel. Various algorithms can be employed to decode these component codes,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Xianbin Wang , Jiajie Tong , Huazi Zhang , Shengchen Dai , Rong Li , Jun Wang

Recent theoretical developments in coset coding theory have provided continuous-valued functions which give the equivocation and maximum likelihood (ML) decoding probability of coset secrecy codes. In this work, we develop a method for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-28 David Hunn , Willie K. Harrison

The normalized maximum likelihood (NML) code length is widely used as a model selection criterion based on the minimum description length principle, where the model with the shortest NML code length is selected. A common method to calculate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-16 Atsushi Suzuki , Kota Fukuzawa , Kenji Yamanishi

We propose Dijkstra's algorithm with bounded list size after QR decomposition for decreasing the computational complexity of near maximum-likelihood (ML) detection of signals over multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels. After that,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-09-02 Atsushi Okawado , Ryutaroh Matsumoto , Tomohiko Uyematsu

We propose a novel decoding approach for neural machine translation (NMT) based on continuous optimisation. We convert decoding - basically a discrete optimization problem - into a continuous optimization problem. The resulting constrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Cong Duy Vu Hoang , Gholamreza Haffari , Trevor Cohn

This dissertation focuses on fountain codes under maximum likelihood (ML) decoding. First LT codes are considered under a practical and widely used ML decoding algorithm known as inactivation decoding. Different analysis techniques are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-28 Francisco Lázaro