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The realization of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) necessitates Embodied AI agents capable of robust spatial perception, effective task planning, and adaptive execution in physical environments. However, current large language models…

Embodied visual tracking is to follow a target object in dynamic 3D environments using an agent's egocentric vision. This is a vital and challenging skill for embodied agents. However, existing methods suffer from inefficient training and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Fangwei Zhong , Kui Wu , Hai Ci , Churan Wang , Hao Chen

Embodied agents operating in household environments must interpret ambiguous and under-specified human instructions. A capable household robot should recognize ambiguity and ask relevant clarification questions to infer the user intent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ram Ramrakhya , Matthew Chang , Xavier Puig , Ruta Desai , Zsolt Kira , Roozbeh Mottaghi

We develop Upside-Down Reinforcement Learning (UDRL), a method for learning to act using only supervised learning techniques. Unlike traditional algorithms, UDRL does not use reward prediction or search for an optimal policy. Instead, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Rupesh Kumar Srivastava , Pranav Shyam , Filipe Mutz , Wojciech Jaśkowski , Jürgen Schmidhuber

We learn end-to-end point-to-point and path-following navigation behaviors that avoid moving obstacles. These policies receive noisy lidar observations and output robot linear and angular velocities. The policies are trained in small,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Hao-Tien Lewis Chiang , Aleksandra Faust , Marek Fiser , Anthony Francis

Reinforcement learning usually uses the feedback rewards of environmental to train agents. But the rewards in the actual environment are sparse, and even some environments will not rewards. Most of the current methods are difficult to get…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Kai Jiang , XiaoLong Qin

Designing suitable rewards poses a significant challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), especially for embodied manipulation. Trajectory success rewards are suitable for human judges or model fitting, but the sparsity severely limits RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Xin Liu , Yixuan Li , Yuhui Chen , Yuxing Qin , Haoran Li , Dongbin Zhao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated significant potential in the field of embodied intelligence, enabling agents to follow human instructions to complete complex tasks in physical environments. Existing embodied agents are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Junyang Shu , Zhiwei Lin , Yongtao Wang

This work presents a case study of a learning-based approach for target driven map-less navigation. The underlying navigation model is an end-to-end neural network which is trained using a combination of expert demonstrations, imitation…

Reinforcement learning involves agents interacting with an environment to complete tasks. When rewards provided by the environment are sparse, agents may not receive immediate feedback on the quality of actions that they take, thereby…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Baicen Xiao , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran

Training large language models (LLMs) as interactive agents for controlling graphical user interfaces (GUIs) presents a unique challenge to optimize long-horizon action sequences with multimodal feedback from complex environments. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Fanbin Lu , Zhisheng Zhong , Shu Liu , Chi-Wing Fu , Jiaya Jia

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a mainstream paradigm for training Mobile GUI Agents, yet it struggles with the temporal credit assignment problem inherent in long-horizon tasks. A primary challenge lies in the trade-off between…

Embodied agents can benefit from skills that guide object search, action execution, and state changes across diverse environments. Since embodied environments vary across layouts, object states, and other execution factors, these skills…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ruofei Ju , Xinrui Wang , Xin Ding , Yifan Yang , Hao Wu , Shiqi Jiang , Qianxi Zhang , Hao Wen , Xiangyu Li , Weijun Wang , Kun Li , Yunxin Liu , Haipeng Dai , Wei Wang , Ting Cao

Recent works have demonstrated that using reinforcement learning (RL) with multiple quality rewards can improve the quality of generated images in text-to-image (T2I) generation. However, manually adjusting reward weights poses challenges…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Seung Hyun Lee , Yinxiao Li , Junjie Ke , Innfarn Yoo , Han Zhang , Jiahui Yu , Qifei Wang , Fei Deng , Glenn Entis , Junfeng He , Gang Li , Sangpil Kim , Irfan Essa , Feng Yang

Deep reinforcement learning has recently achieved strong results in quadrupedal locomotion, yet policies trained in simulation often fail to transfer when the environment changes. Evolutionary reinforcement learning aims to address this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Brian McAteer , Karl Mason

Designing rewards for Reinforcement Learning (RL) is challenging because it needs to convey the desired task, be efficient to optimize, and be easy to compute. The latter is particularly problematic when applying RL to robotics, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Yiming Ding , Carlos Florensa , Mariano Phielipp , Pieter Abbeel

Contrastive language image pretraining (CLIP) encoders have been shown to be beneficial for a range of visual tasks from classification and detection to captioning and image manipulation. We investigate the effectiveness of CLIP visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Apoorv Khandelwal , Luca Weihs , Roozbeh Mottaghi , Aniruddha Kembhavi

We study the task of embodied visual active learning, where an agent is set to explore a 3d environment with the goal to acquire visual scene understanding by actively selecting views for which to request annotation. While accurate on some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-18 David Nilsson , Aleksis Pirinen , Erik Gärtner , Cristian Sminchisescu

Deep Research agents tackle knowledge-intensive tasks through multi-round retrieval and decision-oriented generation. While reinforcement learning (RL) has been shown to improve performance in this paradigm, its contributions remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yinuo Xu , Shuo Lu , Jianjie Cheng , Meng Wang , Qianlong Xie , Xingxing Wang , Ran He , Jian Liang

The main challenge in developing effective reinforcement learning (RL) pipelines is often the design and tuning the reward functions. Well-designed shaping reward can lead to significantly faster learning. Naively formulated rewards,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Se Hwan Jeon , Steve Heim , Charles Khazoom , Sangbae Kim