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While multilingual language models like XLM-R have advanced multilingualism in NLP, they still perform poorly in extremely low-resource languages. This situation is exacerbated by the fact that modern LLMs such as LLaMA and Qwen support far…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zeli Su , Ziyin Zhang , Guixian Xu , Jianing Liu , XU Han , Ting Zhang , Yushuang Dong

Multilingual end-to-end models have shown great improvement over monolingual systems. With the development of pre-training methods on speech, self-supervised multilingual speech representation learning like XLSR has shown success in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-08 Fenglin Ding , Genshun Wan , Pengcheng Li , Jia Pan , Cong Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, and their integration with Extended Reality (XR) is poised to transform how users interact with immersive environments.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jingyan Wang , Yang Zhao , Haotian Mao , Xubo Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable translation capabilities in high-resource language tasks, yet their performance in low-resource languages is hindered by insufficient multilingual data during pre-training. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yinquan Lu , Wenhao Zhu , Lei Li , Yu Qiao , Fei Yuan

Recent models such as XLS-R and Whisper have made multilingual speech technologies more accessible by pre-training on audio from around 100 spoken languages each. However, there are thousands of spoken languages worldwide, and adapting to…

Existing large language model (LLM) evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on English, while current multilingual tasks lack parallel questions that specifically assess cross-linguistic reasoning abilities. This dual limitation makes it…

Probing techniques for large language models (LLMs) have primarily focused on English, overlooking the vast majority of the world's languages. In this paper, we extend these probing methods to a multilingual context, investigating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Daoyang Li , Haiyan Zhao , Qingcheng Zeng , Mengnan Du

Cross-lingual open-ended generation - responding in a language different from that of the query - is an important yet understudied problem. This work proposes XL-Instruct, a novel technique for generating high-quality synthetic data, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Vivek Iyer , Pinzhen Chen , Ricardo Rei , Alexandra Birch

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in handling multilingual machine translation (MMT). In this paper, we systematically investigate the advantages and challenges of LLMs for MMT by answering two questions:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Wenhao Zhu , Hongyi Liu , Qingxiu Dong , Jingjing Xu , Shujian Huang , Lingpeng Kong , Jiajun Chen , Lei Li

Unsupervised cross-lingual speech representation learning (XLSR) has recently shown promising results in speech recognition by leveraging vast amounts of unlabeled data across multiple languages. However, standard XLSR model suffers from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-10 Yizhou Lu , Mingkun Huang , Xinghua Qu , Pengfei Wei , Zejun Ma

Pretrained multilingual models (PMMs) enable zero-shot learning via cross-lingual transfer, performing best for languages seen during pretraining. While methods exist to improve performance for unseen languages, they have almost exclusively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Abteen Ebrahimi , Katharina Kann

Open large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated improving multilingual capabilities in recent years. In this paper, we present a study of open LLMs for multilingual machine translation (MT) across a range of languages, and investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yuzhe Shang , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Jinsong Su

Large Language Models(LLMs) have shown exceptional abilities, yet training these models can be quite challenging. There is a strong dependence on the quality of data and finding the best instruction tuning set. Further, the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Nikhil Kothari , Ravindra Nayak , Shreyas Shetty , Amey Patil , Nikesh Garera

Cross-lingual transfer (XLT) is an emergent ability of multilingual language models that preserves their performance on a task to a significant extent when evaluated in languages that were not included in the fine-tuning process. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Taejun Yun , Jinhyeon Kim , Deokyeong Kang , Seong Hoon Lim , Jihoon Kim , Taeuk Kim

NLP is currently dominated by general-purpose pretrained language models like RoBERTa, which achieve strong performance on NLU tasks through pretraining on billions of words. But what exact knowledge or skills do Transformer LMs learn from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Yian Zhang , Alex Warstadt , Haau-Sing Li , Samuel R. Bowman

A prior-informed large language model (LLM) driven multi-task learning framework is proposed for the unified description of multiple nuclear observables. By fine-tuning the pre-trained DeepSeek-R1-1.5B model with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA),…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-05-29 S. J. Guo , S. Y. Wang , E. H. Wang , Z. M. Niu , Y. M. Ding

Scaling pre-training compute has proven effective for achieving mulitlinguality, but does the same hold for test-time scaling? In this work, we introduce MCLM, a multilingual math benchmark featuring competition-level problems in 55…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Guijin Son , Jiwoo Hong , Hyunwoo Ko , James Thorne

Pre-trained large language models (LLM) have emerged as a powerful tool for simulating various scenarios and generating output given specific instructions and multimodal input. In this work, we analyze the specific use of LLM to enhance a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Yuhang Wu , Yingfei Wang , Chu Wang , Zeyu Zheng

Transformers have recently taken the center stage in language modeling after LSTM's were considered the dominant model architecture for a long time. In this project, we investigate the performance of the Transformer architectures-BERT and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Abhilash Jain , Aku Ruohe , Stig-Arne Grönroos , Mikko Kurimo

The recent rapid progress in pre-training Large Language Models has relied on using self-supervised language modeling objectives like next token prediction or span corruption. On the other hand, Machine Translation Systems are mostly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Andrea Schioppa , Xavier Garcia , Orhan Firat