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Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive multilingual capability, but their performance varies substantially across different languages. In this work, we introduce a simple yet effective method, called cross-lingual-thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Haoyang Huang , Tianyi Tang , Dongdong Zhang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ting Song , Yan Xia , Furu Wei

We analyze if large language models are able to predict patterns of human reading behavior. We compare the performance of language-specific and multilingual pretrained transformer models to predict reading time measures reflecting natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Nora Hollenstein , Federico Pirovano , Ce Zhang , Lena Jäger , Lisa Beinborn

Existing large language models show disparate capability across different languages, due to the imbalance in the training data. Their performances on English tasks are often stronger than on tasks of other languages. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Wenhao Zhu , Yunzhe Lv , Qingxiu Dong , Fei Yuan , Jingjing Xu , Shujian Huang , Lingpeng Kong , Jiajun Chen , Lei Li

Large language models (LLMs) have showcased profound capabilities in language understanding and generation, facilitating a wide array of applications. However, there is a notable paucity of detailed, open-sourced methodologies on…

In recent years, language models have drastically grown in size, and the abilities of these models have been shown to improve with scale. The majority of recent scaling laws studies focused on high-compute high-parameter count settings,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Vijeta Deshpande , Dan Pechi , Shree Thatte , Vladislav Lialin , Anna Rumshisky

Although recent Massively Multilingual Language Models (MMLMs) like mBERT and XLMR support around 100 languages, most existing multilingual NLP benchmarks provide evaluation data in only a handful of these languages with little linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Kabir Ahuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

Recently, diffusion models have excelled in image generation tasks and have also been applied to neural language processing (NLP) for controllable text generation. However, the application of diffusion models in a cross-lingual setting is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Linyao Chen , Aosong Feng , Boming Yang , Zihui Li

Much recent progress in applications of machine learning models to NLP has been driven by benchmarks that evaluate models across a wide variety of tasks. However, these broad-coverage benchmarks have been mostly limited to English, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Junjie Hu , Sebastian Ruder , Aditya Siddhant , Graham Neubig , Orhan Firat , Melvin Johnson

Large-scale Transformer models have significantly promoted the recent development of natural language processing applications. However, little effort has been made to unify the effective models. In this paper, driven by providing a new set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Dezhou Shen

High-resource languages such as English, enables the pretraining of high-quality large language models (LLMs). The same can not be said for most other languages as LLMs still underperform for non-English languages, likely due to a gap in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jiayi Wang , Yao Lu , Maurice Weber , Max Ryabinin , David Adelani , Yihong Chen , Raphael Tang , Pontus Stenetorp

Pretrained masked language models (MLMs) require finetuning for most NLP tasks. Instead, we evaluate MLMs out of the box via their pseudo-log-likelihood scores (PLLs), which are computed by masking tokens one by one. We show that PLLs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Julian Salazar , Davis Liang , Toan Q. Nguyen , Katrin Kirchhoff

The pre-training of masked language models (MLMs) consumes massive computation to achieve good results on downstream NLP tasks, resulting in a large carbon footprint. In the vanilla MLM, the virtual tokens, [MASK]s, act as placeholders and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Baohao Liao , David Thulke , Sanjika Hewavitharana , Hermann Ney , Christof Monz

Multilingual Pre-trained Language models (multiPLMs), trained on the Masked Language Modelling (MLM) objective are commonly being used for cross-lingual tasks such as bitext mining. However, the performance of these models is still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Aloka Fernando , Surangika Ranathunga

Multilingual understanding models (or encoder-based), pre-trained via masked language modeling, have achieved promising results on many language understanding tasks (e.g., mBERT). However, these non-autoregressive (NAR) models still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Bohong Wu , Fei Yuan , Hai Zhao , Lei Li , Jingjing Xu

Most studies in cross-device federated learning focus on small models, due to the server-client communication and on-device computation bottlenecks. In this work, we leverage various techniques for mitigating these bottlenecks to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Jae Hun Ro , Theresa Breiner , Lara McConnaughey , Mingqing Chen , Ananda Theertha Suresh , Shankar Kumar , Rajiv Mathews

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with cross-lingual tasks due to data imbalances between high-resource and low-resource languages, as well as monolingual bias in pre-training. Existing methods, such as bilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Weihua Zheng , Chang Liu , Zhengyuan Liu , Xin Huang , Kui Wu , Muhammad Huzaifah Md Shahrin , Aiti Aw , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized both general natural language processing and domain-specific applications such as code synthesis, legal reasoning, and finance. However, while prior studies have explored individual model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Gunjan Das , Paheli Bhattacharya , Rishabh Gupta

Visual instruction tuning has recently shown encouraging progress with open-source large multimodal models (LMM) such as LLaVA and MiniGPT-4. However, most existing studies of open-source LMM are performed using models with 13B parameters…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Yadong Lu , Chunyuan Li , Haotian Liu , Jianwei Yang , Jianfeng Gao , Yelong Shen

Deep Contextual Language Models (LMs) like ELMO, BERT, and their successors dominate the landscape of Natural Language Processing due to their ability to scale across multiple tasks rapidly by pre-training a single model, followed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Shaily Bhatt , Poonam Goyal , Sandipan Dandapat , Monojit Choudhury , Sunayana Sitaram

Transformer-based masked language models such as BERT, trained on general corpora, have shown impressive performance on downstream tasks. It has also been demonstrated that the downstream task performance of such models can be improved by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Zhi Hong , Aswathy Ajith , Gregory Pauloski , Eamon Duede , Kyle Chard , Ian Foster