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This article proposes a new index for quantifying the degree of dependence between random vectors. The index takes values in [0,1] and equals zero if and only if the random vectors are sub-independent. Unlike mere uncorrelatedness,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Chuancun yin

In exploratory data analysis, we are often interested in identifying promising pairwise associations for further analysis while filtering out weaker, less interesting ones. This can be accomplished by computing a measure of dependence on…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-28 David N. Reshef , Yakir A. Reshef , Pardis C. Sabeti , Michael M. Mitzenmacher

The problem of joint sequential detection and isolation is considered in the context of multiple, not necessarily independent, data streams. A multiple testing framework is proposed, where each hypothesis corresponds to a different subset…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-04 Anamitra Chaudhuri , Georgios Fellouris

Tests of independence are an important tool in applications, specifically in connection with the detection of a relationship between variables; they also have initiated many developments in statistical theory. In the present paper we build…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-13 L. Baringhaus , R. Grübel

Rank correlations have found many innovative applications in the last decade. In particular, suitable rank correlations have been used for consistent tests of independence between pairs of random variables. Using ranks is especially…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-04 Hongjian Shi , Marc Hallin , Mathias Drton , Fang Han

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we provide a novel characterization of independence of random vectors based on the checkerboard approximation to a multivariate copula. Using this result, we then propose a new family of tests of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-07 José M. González-Barrios , Eduardo Gutiérrez-Peña , Juan D. Nieves , Raúl Rueda

We follow up on Shi et al's (2020) and Cao's and my (2020) work on the local power of a new test for independence, Chatterjee (2019), and its relation to the local power properties of classical tests. We show quite generally that for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-29 Peter J. Bickel

In this paper, we study distance covariance, Hilbert-Schmidt covariance (aka Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion [Gretton et al. (2008)]) and related independence tests under the high dimensional scenario. We show that the sample…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-12 Changbo Zhu , Shun Yao , Xianyang Zhang , Xiaofeng Shao

Distance correlation is a novel class of multivariate dependence measure, taking positive values between 0 and 1, and applicable to random vectors of arbitrary dimensions, not necessarily equal. It offers several advantages over the…

Computation · Statistics 2024-05-06 Blanca E. Monroy-Castillo , M. A , Jácome , Ricardo Cao

We consider the hypothesis testing problem of deciding whether an observed high-dimensional vector has independent normal components or, alternatively, if it has a small subset of correlated components. The correlated components may have a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-04 Ery Arias-Castro , Sébastien Bubeck , Gábor Lugosi

Many tools exist to detect dependence between random variables, a core question across a wide range of machine learning, statistical, and scientific endeavors. Although several statistical tests guarantee eventual detection of any…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-23 Nathaniel Xu , Feng Liu , Danica J. Sutherland

Distance correlation is a measure of dependence between two paired random vectors or matrices of arbitrary, not necessarily equal, dimensions. Unlike Pearson correlation, the population distance correlation coefficient is zero if and only…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-19 Kontemeniotis Nikolaos , Vargiakakis Rafail , Tsagris Michail

This article deals with the problem of testing conditional independence between two random vectors ${\bf X}$ and ${\bf Y}$ given a confounding random vector ${\bf Z}$. Several authors have considered this problem for multivariate data.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Bilol Banerjee

Testing independence among a number of (ultra) high-dimensional random samples is a fundamental and challenging problem. By arranging $n$ identically distributed $p$-dimensional random vectors into a $p \times n$ data matrix, we investigate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-28 Xi Chen , Weidong Liu

Distance correlation has gained much recent attention in the data science community: the sample statistic is straightforward to compute and asymptotically equals zero if and only if independence, making it an ideal choice to discover any…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-27 Cencheng Shen , Sambit Panda , Joshua T. Vogelstein

In this paper new tests for the independence of two high-dimensional vectors are investigated. We consider the case where the dimension of the vectors increases with the sample size and propose multivariate analysis of variance-type…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-19 Taras Bodnar , Holger Dette , Nestor Parolya

Recently, Chatterjee (2023) recognized the lack of a direct generalization of his rank correlation $\xi$ in Azadkia and Chatterjee (2021) to a multi-dimensional response vector. As a natural solution to this problem, we here propose an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Jonathan Ansari , Sebastian Fuchs

In this paper, we are concerned with the independence test for $k$ high-dimensional sub-vectors of a normal vector, with fixed positive integer $k$. A natural high-dimensional extension of the classical sample correlation matrix, namely…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-10-21 Zhigang Bao , Jiang Hu , Guangming Pan , Wang Zhou

Identifying independence between two random variables or correlated given their samples has been a fundamental problem in Statistics. However, how to do so in a space-efficient way if the number of states is large is not quite well-studied.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Zhenhao Gu , Hao Zhang

Bell's theorem teaches us that there are quantum correlations that can not be simulated by just shared randomness (Local Hidden variable). There are some recent results which simulate singlet correlation by using either 1 cbit or a binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-18 Manik Banik , MD Rajjak Gazi , Subhadipa Das , Ashutosh Rai , Samir Kunkri