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We initiate the study of computational problems on $k$-mers (strings of length $k$) in labeled graphs. As a starting point, we consider the problem of counting the number of distinct $k$-mers found on the walks of a graph. We establish that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jarno N. Alanko , Maximo Perez-Lopez

We develop a theory of covering digraphs, similar to the theory of covering spaces. By applying this theory to Cayley digraphs, we build a "bridge" between GLMY-theory and group homology theory, which helps to reduce path homology…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Shaobo Di , Sergei O. Ivanov , Lev Mukoseev , Mengmeng Zhang

In this paper we study the complexity of the following problems: Given a colored graph X=(V,E,c), compute a minimum cardinality set S of vertices such that no nontrivial automorphism of X fixes all vertices in S. A closely related problem…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-06-15 V. Arvind , Frank Fuhlbrück , Johannes Köbler , Sebastian Kuhnert , Gaurav Rattan

We show that an effective version of Siegel's Theorem on finiteness of integer solutions and an application of elementary Galois theory are key ingredients in a complexity classification of some Holant problems. These Holant problems,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-04-16 Jin-Yi Cai , Heng Guo , Tyson Williams

We consider the problem of estimating the graph size, where one is given only local access to the graph. We formally define a query model in which one starts with a \emph{seed} node and is allowed to make queries about neighbours of nodes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-15 Varun Kanade , Frederik Mallmann-Trenn , Victor Verdugo

This paper considers the topological degree of $G$-shifts of finite type for the case where $G$ is a nonabelian monoid. Whenever the Cayley graph of $G$ has a finite representation and the relationships among the generators of $G$ are…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-08-27 Jung-Chao Ban , Chih-Hung Chang , Nai-Zhu Huang

These notes concern aspects of various graphs whose vertex set is a group $G$ and whose edges reflect group structure in some way (so that they are invariant under the action of the automorphism group of $G$). The graphs I will discuss are…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-29 Peter J. Cameron

This is a survey on recent results on counting of curves over finite fields. It reviews various results on the maximum number of points on a curve of genus g over a finite field of cardinality q, but the main emphasis is on results on the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-09-23 Gerard van der Geer

The generic homomorphism problem, which asks whether an input graph $G$ admits a homomorphism into a fixed target graph $H$, has been widely studied in the literature. In this article, we provide a fine-grained complexity classification of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Robert Ganian , Thekla Hamm , Viktoriia Korchemna , Karolina Okrasa , Kirill Simonov

We study the parameterized complexity of a variant of the $F$-free Editing problem: Given a graph $G$ and a natural number $k$, is it possible to modify at most $k$ edges in $G$ so that the resulting graph contains no induced subgraph…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-11-14 René van Bevern , Vincent Froese , Christian Komusiewicz

We show that counting Euler tours in undirected bounded tree-width graphs is tractable even in parallel - by proving a $\#SAC^1$ upper bound. This is in stark contrast to #P-completeness of the same problem in general graphs. Our main…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-12-15 Nikhil Balaji , Samir Datta , Venkatesh Ganesan

Graph modification problems are computational tasks where the goal is to change an input graph $G$ using operations from a fixed set, in order to make the resulting graph satisfy a target property, which usually entails membership to a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ivo Koch , Nina Pardal , Vinicius F. dos Santos

The problems studied in this article originate from the Graph Motif problem introduced by Lacroix et al. in the context of biological networks. The problem is to decide if a vertex-colored graph has a connected subgraph whose colors equal a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-02-27 Sylvain Guillemot , Florian Sikora

We consider the problems of deciding whether an input graph can be modified by removing/adding at most k vertices/edges such that the result of the modification satisfies some property definable in first-order logic. We establish a number…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach , Dimitrios M. Thilikos

Despite recent advances in representation learning in hypercomplex (HC) space, this subject is still vastly unexplored in the context of graphs. Motivated by the complex and quaternion algebras, which have been found in several contexts to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Tuan Le , Marco Bertolini , Frank Noé , Djork-Arné Clevert

Parameterized algorithms are a very useful tool for dealing with NP-hard problems on graphs. Yet, to properly utilize parameterized algorithms it is necessary to choose the right parameter based on the type of problem and properties of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-01-18 Robert Ganian

In this paper, we study the graph classification problem from the graph homomorphism perspective. We consider the homomorphisms from $F$ to $G$, where $G$ is a graph of interest (e.g. molecules or social networks) and $F$ belongs to some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Hoang NT , Takanori Maehara

We study the complexity of graph problems on graphs defined on groups, especially power graphs. We observe that an isomorphism invariant problem, such as Hamiltonian Path, Partition into Cliques, Feedback Vertex Set, Subgraph Isomorphism,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Bireswar Das , Dipan Dey , Jinia Ghosh

We show that if the edges or vertices of an undirected graph $G$ can be covered by $k$ shortest paths, then the pathwidth of $G$ is upper-bounded by a single-exponential function of $k$. As a corollary, we prove that the problem Isometric…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Maël Dumas , Florent Foucaud , Anthony Perez , Ioan Todinca

A \emph{$t$-treewidth-modulator} of a graph $G$ is a set $X \subseteq V(G)$ such that the treewidth of $G-X$ is at most some constant $t-1$. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm to compute a decomposition scheme for graphs $G$ that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-08-02 Eun Jung Kim , Alexander Langer , Christophe Paul , Felix Reidl , Peter Rossmanith , Ignasi Sau , Somnath Sikdar