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Data attribution seeks to trace model outputs back to training data. With the recent development of diffusion models, data attribution has become a desired module to properly assign valuations for high-quality or copyrighted training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Xiaosen Zheng , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Jing Jiang , Min Lin

Even though deep neural networks (DNNs) achieve state-of-the-art results for a number of problems involving genomic data, getting DNNs to explain their decision-making process has been a major challenge due to their black-box nature. One…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2022-12-14 Utku Ozbulak , Solha Kang , Jasper Zuallaert , Stephen Depuydt , Joris Vankerschaver

Recent state-of-the-art authorship attribution methods learn authorship representations of texts in a latent, non-interpretable space, hindering their usability in real-world applications. Our work proposes a novel approach to interpreting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Milad Alshomary , Narutatsu Ri , Marianna Apidianaki , Ajay Patel , Smaranda Muresan , Kathleen McKeown

Attribute exploration has been investigated in several studies, with particular emphasis on the algorithmic aspects of this knowledge acquisition method. In its basic version the method itself is rather simple and transparent. But when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Daniel Borchmann , Bernhard Ganter

Existing research mostly improves the fairness of Machine Learning (ML) software regarding a single protected attribute at a time, but this is unrealistic given that many users have multiple protected attributes. This paper conducts an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Zhenpeng Chen , Jie M. Zhang , Federica Sarro , Mark Harman

Interpreting predictions from tree ensemble methods such as gradient boosting machines and random forests is important, yet feature attribution for trees is often heuristic and not individualized for each prediction. Here we show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Scott M. Lundberg , Gabriel G. Erion , Su-In Lee

Attribution methods explain neural network predictions by identifying influential input features, but their evaluation suffers from threshold selection bias that can reverse method rankings and undermine conclusions. Current protocols…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Serra Aksoy

As large language models are increasingly trained and fine-tuned, practitioners need methods to identify which training data drive specific behaviors, particularly unintended ones. Training Data Attribution (TDA) methods address this by…

Feature importance scores are ubiquitous tools for understanding the predictions of machine learning models. However, many popular attribution methods suffer from high instability due to random sampling. Leveraging novel ideas from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Jeremy Goldwasser , Giles Hooker

Feature attribution methods identify which features of an input most influence a model's output. Most widely-used feature attribution methods (such as SHAP, LIME, and Grad-CAM) are "class-dependent" methods in that they generate a feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Neil Jethani , Adriel Saporta , Rajesh Ranganath

Attribution methods are primarily designed to study input component contributions to individual model predictions. However, some research applications require a summary of attribution patterns across the entire dataset to facilitate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Pierre Lelièvre , Chien-Chung Chen

While diffusion models excel at image generation, their growing adoption raises critical concerns about copyright issues and model transparency. Existing attribution methods identify training examples influencing an entire image, but fall…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yonghyun Park , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Satoshi Hayakawa , Yuhta Takida , Naoki Murata , Wei-Hsiang Liao , Woosung Choi , Kin Wai Cheuk , Junghyun Koo , Yuki Mitsufuji

Attribution scores reflect how important the feature values in an input entity are for the output of a machine learning model. One of the most popular attribution scores is the SHAP score, which is an instantiation of the general Shapley…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Santiago Cifuentes , Leopoldo Bertossi , Nina Pardal , Sergio Abriola , Maria Vanina Martinez , Miguel Romero

Integrated Gradients (IG) is a widely used attribution method in explainable AI, particularly in computer vision applications where reliable feature attribution is essential. A key limitation of IG is its sensitivity to the choice of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-21 Kien Tran Duc Tuan , Tam Nguyen Trong , Son Nguyen Hoang , Khoat Than , Anh Nguyen Duc

Feature attributions based on the Shapley value are popular for explaining machine learning models; however, their estimation is complex from both a theoretical and computational standpoint. We disentangle this complexity into two factors:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Hugh Chen , Ian C. Covert , Scott M. Lundberg , Su-In Lee

When a machine-learning algorithm makes biased decisions, it can be helpful to understand the sources of disparity to explain why the bias exists. Towards this, we examine the problem of quantifying the contribution of each individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Sanghamitra Dutta , Praveen Venkatesh , Pulkit Grover

As deep learning (DL) efficacy grows, concerns for poor model explainability grow also. Attribution methods address the issue of explainability by quantifying the importance of an input feature for a model prediction. Among various methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Daniel Lundstrom , Tianjian Huang , Meisam Razaviyayn

Interpretable Machine Learning (IML) has become increasingly important in many real-world applications, such as autonomous cars and medical diagnosis, where explanations are significantly preferred to help people better understand how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Fan Yang , Mengnan Du , Xia Hu

We present the findings of the Machine Learning Model Attribution Challenge. Fine-tuned machine learning models may derive from other trained models without obvious attribution characteristics. In this challenge, participants identify the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Elizabeth Merkhofer , Deepesh Chaudhari , Hyrum S. Anderson , Keith Manville , Lily Wong , João Gante

Feature weighting algorithms try to solve a problem of great importance nowadays in machine learning: The search of a relevance measure for the features of a given domain. This relevance is primarily used for feature selection as feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-17 Gabriel Prat Masramon , Lluís A. Belanche Muñoz