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Interpretability methods for neural networks are difficult to evaluate because we do not understand the black-box models typically used to test them. This paper proposes a framework in which interpretability methods are evaluated using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Yiding Hao

The Shapley value has become a popular method to attribute the prediction of a machine-learning model on an input to its base features. The use of the Shapley value is justified by citing [16] showing that it is the \emph{unique} method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Mukund Sundararajan , Amir Najmi

The great success of Transformer-based models benefits from the powerful multi-head self-attention mechanism, which learns token dependencies and encodes contextual information from the input. Prior work strives to attribute model decisions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Yaru Hao , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Ke Xu

With the growing pervasiveness of artificial intelligence, the ability to explain the inferences made by machine learning models has become increasingly important. Numerous techniques for model explainability have been proposed, with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Nicola Rossberg , Bennett Kleinberg , Barry O'Sullivan , Luca Longo , Andrea Visentin

Despite the widespread adoption of autoregressive language models, explainability evaluation research has predominantly focused on span infilling and masked language models. Evaluating the faithfulness of an explanation method -- how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Sepehr Kamahi , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh

Explainable AI is an emerging field providing solutions for acquiring insights into automated systems' rationale. It has been put on the AI map by suggesting ways to tackle key ethical and societal issues. Existing explanation techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

We analyze state-of-the-art deep learning models for three tasks: question answering on (1) images, (2) tables, and (3) passages of text. Using the notion of \emph{attribution} (word importance), we find that these deep networks often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Pramod Kaushik Mudrakarta , Ankur Taly , Mukund Sundararajan , Kedar Dhamdhere

Model attribution for LLM-generated disinformation poses a significant challenge in understanding its origins and mitigating its spread. This task is especially challenging because modern large language models (LLMs) produce disinformation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Alimohammad Beigi , Zhen Tan , Nivedh Mudiam , Canyu Chen , Kai Shu , Huan Liu

We investigate the problem of explainability for machine learning models, focusing on Feature Attribution Methods (FAMs) that evaluate feature importance through perturbation tests. Despite their utility, FAMs struggle to distinguish the…

In online advertising, users may be exposed to a range of different advertising campaigns, such as natural search or referral or organic search, before leading to a final transaction. Estimating the contribution of advertising campaigns on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Dongdong Yang , Kevin Dyer , Senzhang Wang

Explaining recommendations enables users to understand whether recommended items are relevant to their needs and has been shown to increase their trust in the system. More generally, if designing explainable machine learning models is key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Darius Afchar , Romain Hennequin

In attempts to develop sample-efficient and interpretable algorithms, researcher have explored myriad mechanisms for collecting and exploiting feature feedback (or rationales) auxiliary annotations provided for training (but not test)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Anurag Katakkar , Clay H. Yoo , Weiqin Wang , Zachary C. Lipton , Divyansh Kaushik

As deep vision models' popularity rapidly increases, there is a growing emphasis on explanations for model predictions. The inherently explainable attribution method aims to enhance the understanding of model behavior by identifying the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Xianren Zhang , Dongwon Lee , Suhang Wang

Attributes, or semantic features, have gained popularity in the past few years in domains ranging from activity recognition in video to face verification. Improving the accuracy of attribute classifiers is an important first step in any…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-04-26 Emily M. Hand , Rama Chellappa

We study gradient-based data attribution, aiming to identify which training examples most influence a given output. Existing methods for this task either treat network parameters uniformly or rely on implicit weighting derived from Hessian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Shuangqi Li , Hieu Le , Jingyi Xu , Mathieu Salzmann

Using feature attributions for post-hoc explanations is a common practice to understand and verify the predictions of opaque machine learning models. Despite the numerous techniques available, individual methods often produce inconsistent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Thomas Decker , Ananta R. Bhattarai , Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp , Florian Buettner

PatternAttribution is a recent method, introduced in the vision domain, that explains classifications of deep neural networks. We demonstrate that it also generates meaningful interpretations in the language domain.

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-14 David Harbecke , Robert Schwarzenberg , Christoph Alt

Neural ranking models have become increasingly popular for real-world search and recommendation systems in recent years. Unlike their tree-based counterparts, neural models are much less interpretable. That is, it is very difficult to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Lijun Lyu , Nirmal Roy , Harrie Oosterhuis , Avishek Anand

Interpreting the decisions of complex computer vision models is crucial to establish trust and accountability, especially in safety-critical domains. An established approach to interpretability is generating visual attribution maps that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 David Schinagl , Christian Fruhwirth-Reisinger , Alexander Prutsch , Samuel Schulter , Horst Possegger

For neural models to garner widespread public trust and ensure fairness, we must have human-intelligible explanations for their predictions. Recently, an increasing number of works focus on explaining the predictions of neural models in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Oana-Maria Camburu , Eleonora Giunchiglia , Jakob Foerster , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Phil Blunsom