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Circular Polarisation Ratio (CPR) mosaics from Mini-SAR on Chandrayaan-1 and Mini-RF on LRO are used to study craters near to the lunar north pole. The look direction of the detectors strongly affects the appearance of the crater CPR maps.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-26 Vincent R. Eke , Sarah A. Bartram , David A. Lane , David Smith , Luis F. A. Teodoro

Craters are one of the most studied planetary features used for different scientific analyses, such as estimation of surface age and surface processes. Satellite images utilized for crater detection often have low resolution (LR) due to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-08 Atal Tewari , Nitin Khanna

Chandrayaan-2, the second Indian mission to the Moon, carries a spectrometer called the Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) to perform soft X-ray spectral measurements of the Sun while a companion payload measures the fluorescence emission from the…

Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) is one of the scientific instruments on-board Chandrayaan-2 orbiter. The XSM along with instrument CLASS (Chandras Large Area Soft x-ray Spectrometer) comprise the remote X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy experiment…

The Solar X-ray Monitor (abbreviated as XSM) on board India's Chandrayaan-2 mission is designed to carry out broadband spectroscopy of the Sun from lunar orbit. It observes the Sun as a star and measures the spectrum every second in the…

This study presents a Shape from Shading (SfS) framework to enhance sub-metre resolution lunar digital elevation models (DEMs) using imagery from the Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC) aboard Chandrayaan-2. The framework applies SfS to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Aaranay Aadi , Jai Gopal Singla , Nitant Dube

Radar-based materials detection received significant attention in recent years for its potential inclusion in consumer and industrial applications like object recognition for grasping and manufacturing quality assurance and control. Several…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-11 Rami N. Khushaba , Andrew J. Hill

X-ray spectrometer is one of the satellite payloads on Chang'E-2 satellite. The soft X-ray detector is one of the device on X-ray spectrometer which is designed to detect the major rock-forming elements within 0.5-10keV range on lunar…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-10-28 Hong Xiao , Wenxi Penga , Huanyu Wang , Xingzhu Cui , Dongya Guo

A new model has been developed to estimate the dielectric constant of the lunar surface using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. Continuous investigation on the dielectric constant of the lunar surface is a high priority task due to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-25 Nidhi Verma , Pooja Mishra , Neetesh Purohit

We study the existence and suppression of artifacts for a Doppler-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (DSAR) system. The idealized air- or space-borne system transmits a continuous wave at a fixed frequency and a co-located receiver measures the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-02-20 Raluca Felea , Romina Gaburro , Allan Greenleaf , Clifford Nolan

Surface chemistry of airless bodies in the solar system can be derived from remote x-ray spectral measurements from an orbiting spacecraft. X- rays from planetary surfaces are excited primarily by solar x-rays. Several experiments in the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 S. Narendranath , P. S. Athiray , P. Sreekumar , V. Radhakrishnaa , A. Tyagi , B. J. Kellett , the CLASS team

High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) of the lunar surface are essential for surface mobility planning, landing site characterization, and planetary science. The Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC) on board Chandrayaan-2 has the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Aaranay Aadi , Jai Singla , Nitant Dube , Oleg Alexandrov

Change detection from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is a critical yet challenging task. Existing methods mainly focus on feature extraction in spatial domain, and little attention has been paid to frequency domain. Furthermore, in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Xiaofan Qu , Feng Gao , Junyu Dong , Qian Du , Heng-Chao Li

The small ($\le$ 135 km mean radius) saturnian satellites are closely related to the rings and together they constitute a complex dynamical system where formation and destruction mechanisms compete against each other. We model the cratering…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-03 N. L. Rossignoli , R. P. Di Sisto , M. Zanardi , A. Dugaro

Craters are one of the most prominent features on planetary surfaces, used in applications such as age estimation, hazard detection, and spacecraft navigation. Crater detection is a challenging problem due to various aspects, including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Atal Tewari , K Prateek , Amrita Singh , Nitin Khanna

In this letter, a methodology is proposed to improve the scattering powers obtained from model-based decomposition using Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) data. The novelty of this approach lies in utilizing the intrinsic…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-05-27 D. Ratha , M. Surendar , A. Bhattacharya

Throughout its mission, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has often rolled about its along-track axis by up to 28{\deg} to partially compensate for the suboptimal location of the Shallow Radar (SHARAD) antenna along an edge of the…

This letter presents a dual quadrature phasemeter, an implementation of a phase-locked loop designed to track the phase of homodyne and heterodyne inter-satellite laser links. The dual quadrature phasemeters use dual quadrature optical…

Optics · Physics 2024-10-30 Callum S. Sambridge , Kirk McKenzie

This review paper examines the concept and advancements in the evolving landscape of Dual-functional Radar Communication (DFRC) systems. Traditionally, radar and communication systems have functioned independently, but current research is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-02 Ali Hanif , Sajid Ahmed , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Mohamed-Slim Alouin

Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) instrument of India's Chandrayaan-2 lunar mission carries out broadband spectroscopy of the Sun in soft X-rays. XSM, with its unique features such as low background, high time cadence, and high spectral resolution,…

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