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Control barrier functions (CBFs) play a critical role in the design of safe optimization-based controllers for control-affine systems. Given a CBF associated with a desired ``safe'' set, the typical approach consists in embedding CBF-based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-12 Yiting Chen , Pol Mestres , Jorge Cortes , Emiliano Dall'Anese

Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) are becoming popular tools in guaranteeing safety for nonlinear systems and constraints, and they can reduce a constrained optimal control problem into a sequence of Quadratic Programs (QPs) for affine…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-02 Wei Xiao , Christos G. Cassandras , Calin A. Belta , Daniela Rus

We develop an optimization-free framework for safe stabilization of single-input control-affine nonlinear systems with a given control Lyapunov function (CLF) and a given control barrier function (CBF), where the desired equilibrium lies in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-25 Bo Wang , Miroslav Krstic

Control barrier functions (CBFs) are a popular tool for safety certification of nonlinear dynamical control systems. Recently, CBFs represented as neural networks have shown great promise due to their expressiveness and applicability to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Nikolaus Vertovec , Frederik Baymler Mathiesen , Thom Badings , Luca Laurenti , Alessandro Abate

It has been shown that satisfying state and control constraints while optimizing quadratic costs subject to desired (sets of) state convergence for affine control systems can be reduced to a sequence of quadratic programs (QPs) by using…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-18 Wei Xiao , Calin Belta , Christos G. Cassandras

Optimization-based safety filters, such as control barrier function (CBF) based quadratic programs (QPs), have demonstrated success in controlling autonomous systems to achieve complex goals. These CBF-QPs can be shown to be continuous, but…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-25 Max H. Cohen , Pio Ong , Gilbert Bahati , Aaron D. Ames

Control Lyapunov functions (CLFs) and control barrier functions (CBFs) have been used to develop provably safe controllers by means of quadratic programs (QPs), guaranteeing safety in the form of trajectory invariance with respect to a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-21 Matheus F. Reis , A. Pedro Aguiar , Paulo Tabuada

This paper generalizes the control barrier function framework by replacing scalar-valued functions with matrix-valued ones. Specifically, we develop barrier conditions for safe sets defined by matrix inequalities -- both semidefinite and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-01 Pio Ong , Yicheng Xu , Ryan M. Bena , Faryar Jabbari , Aaron D. Ames

Control barrier functions (CBFs) have recently introduced a systematic tool to ensure system safety by establishing set invariance. When combined with a nominal control strategy, they form a safety-critical control mechanism. However, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-22 Mohammad Aali , Jun Liu

Discrete-time Control Barrier Functions (DTCBFs) are commonly utilized in the literature as a powerful tool for synthesizing control policies that guarantee safety of discrete-time dynamical systems. However, the systematic synthesis of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-30 Erfan Shakhesi , W. P. M. H. Heemels , Alexander Katriniok

A predictive control barrier function (PCBF) based safety filter is a modular framework to verify safety of a control input by predicting a future trajectory. The approach relies on the solution of two optimization problems, first computing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-25 Alexandre Didier , Robin C. Jacobs , Jerome Sieber , Kim P. Wabersich , Melanie N. Zeilinger

This article presents a closed-form adaptive controlbarrier-function (CBF) approach for satisfying state constraints in systems with parametric uncertainty. This approach uses a sampled-data recursive-least-squares algorithm to estimate the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-21 Ricardo Gutierrez , Jesse B. Hoagg

The problem of safely learning and controlling a dynamical system - i.e., of stabilizing an originally (partially) unknown system while ensuring that it does not leave a prescribed 'safe set' - has recently received tremendous attention in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Jafar Abbaszadeh Chekan , Cedric Langbort

Guaranteeing safety for robotic and autonomous systems in real-world environments is a challenging task that requires the mitigation of stochastic uncertainties. Control barrier functions have, in recent years, been widely used for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-31 Andrew Singletary , Mohamadreza Ahmadi , Aaron D. Ames

Obtaining control barrier functions (CBFs) with large safe sets for complex nonlinear systems and constraints is a challenging task. Predictive CBFs address this issue by using an online finite-horizon optimal control problem that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-27 Kanghui He , Anil Alan , Shengling Shi , Ton van den Boom , Bart De Schutter

We study the problem of synthesizing non-smooth control barrier functions (CBFs) for continuous-time switched affine systems. Switched affine systems are defined by a set of affine dynamical modes, wherein the control consists of a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-13 Sara Kamali , Guillaume O. Berger , Sriram Sankaranarayanan

Safety filters leveraging control barrier functions (CBFs) are highly effective for enforcing safe behavior on complex systems. It is often easier to synthesize CBFs for a Reduced order Model (RoM), and track the resulting safe behavior on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-09 William D. Compton , Max H. Cohen , Aaron D. Ames

State estimation uncertainty is prevalent in real-world applications, hindering the application of safety-critical control. Existing methods address this by strengthening a Control Barrier Function (CBF) condition either to handle actuation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Xiao Tan , Rahal Nanayakkara , Paulo Tabuada , Aaron D. Ames

This paper works towards unifying two popular approaches in the safety control community: Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachability and Control Barrier Functions (CBFs). HJ Reachability has methods for direct construction of value functions that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-26 Jason J. Choi , Donggun Lee , Koushil Sreenath , Claire J. Tomlin , Sylvia L. Herbert

Safety-critical control systems, such as spacecraft performing proximity operations, must provide formal safety guarantees despite stochastic uncertainties from state estimation and unmodeled dynamics. Although Control Barrier Functions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Kazuya Echigo , David E. J. van Wijk , Pol Mestres , Ersin Daş , Joel W. Burdick , Aaron D. Ames