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This paper presents our submission to SemEval-2021 Task 5: Toxic Spans Detection. The purpose of this task is to detect the spans that make a text toxic, which is a complex labour for several reasons. Firstly, because of the intrinsic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Rafel Palliser-Sans , Albert Rial-Farràs

In this work, we present our approach and findings for SemEval-2021 Task 5 - Toxic Spans Detection. The task's main aim was to identify spans to which a given text's toxicity could be attributed. The task is challenging mainly due to two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Archit Bansal , Abhay Kaushik , Ashutosh Modi

Toxicity detection of text has been a popular NLP task in the recent years. In SemEval-2021 Task-5 Toxic Spans Detection, the focus is on detecting toxic spans within passages. Most state-of-the-art span detection approaches employ various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Gunjan Chhablani , Abheesht Sharma , Harshit Pandey , Yash Bhartia , Shan Suthaharan

Social network platforms are generally used to share positive, constructive, and insightful content. However, in recent times, people often get exposed to objectionable content like threat, identity attacks, hate speech, insults, obscene…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Sreyan Ghosh , Sonal Kumar

The increment of toxic comments on online space is causing tremendous effects on other vulnerable users. For this reason, considerable efforts are made to deal with this, and SemEval-2021 Task 5: Toxic Spans Detection is one of those. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Phu Gia Hoang , Luan Thanh Nguyen , Kiet Van Nguyen

This paper describes our system for SemEval-2021 Task 5 on Toxic Spans Detection. We developed ensemble models using BERT-based neural architectures and post-processing to combine tokens into spans. We evaluated several pre-trained language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Mikhail Kotyushev , Anna Glazkova , Dmitry Morozov

In recent years, the widespread use of social media has led to an increase in the generation of toxic and offensive content on online platforms. In response, social media platforms have worked on developing automatic detection methods and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Tharindu Ranasinghe , Diptanu Sarkar , Marcos Zampieri , Alexander Ororbia

Detecting which parts of a sentence contribute to that sentence's toxicity -- rather than providing a sentence-level verdict of hatefulness -- would increase the interpretability of models and allow human moderators to better understand the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Alireza Salemi , Nazanin Sabri , Emad Kebriaei , Behnam Bahrak , Azadeh Shakery

We present our works on SemEval-2021 Task 5 about Toxic Spans Detection. This task aims to build a model for identifying toxic words in whole posts. We use the BiLSTM-CRF model combining with ToxicBERT Classification to train the detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Son T. Luu , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen

Abnormality detection is a challenging task due to the dependence on a specific context and the unconstrained variability of practical scenarios. In recent years, it has benefited from the powerful features learnt by deep neural networks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Habtamu Fanta , Zhiwen Shao , Lizhuang Ma

Text Generation Models (TGMs) succeed in creating text that matches human language style reasonably well. Detectors that can distinguish between TGM-generated text and human-written ones play an important role in preventing abuse of TGM. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Narek Maloyan , Bulat Nutfullin , Eugene Ilyushin

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide, underscoring the need for reliable and efficient predictive tools that support early intervention. Traditional diagnostic approaches rely on handcrafted features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Tejaswani Dash , Gautam Datla , Anudeep Vurity , Tazeem Ahmad , Mohd Adnan , Saima Rafi , Saisha Patro , Saina Patro

Automated annotation of clinical text with standardized medical concepts is critical for enabling structured data extraction and decision support. SNOMED CT provides a rich ontology for labeling clinical entities, but manual annotation is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ali Noori , Pratik Devkota , Somya Mohanty , Prashanti Manda

Existing Chinese toxic content detection methods mainly target sentence-level classification but often fail to provide readable and contiguous toxic evidence spans. We propose \textbf{ToxiTrace}, an explainability-oriented method for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Boyang Li , Hongzhe Shou , Yuanyuan Liang , Jingbin Zhang , Fang Zhou

With the increased use of the internet and social networks for online discussions, the spread of toxic and inappropriate content on social networking sites has also increased. Several studies have been conducted in different languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Ezzah Shoukat , Rabia Irfan , Iqra Basharat , Muhammad Ali Tahir , Sameen Shaukat

idely used recurrent units, including Long-short Term Memory (LSTM) and the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), perform well on natural language tasks, but their ability to learn structured representations is still questionable. Exploiting reduced…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Shuai Tang , Paul Smolensky , Virginia R. de Sa

The real-world impact of polarization and toxicity in the online sphere marked the end of 2020 and the beginning of this year in a negative way. Semeval-2021, Task 5 - Toxic Spans Detection is based on a novel annotation of a subset of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Andrei Paraschiv , Dumitru-Clementin Cercel , Mihai Dascalu

To resolve the semantic ambiguity in texts, we propose a model, which innovatively combines a knowledge graph with an improved attention mechanism. An existing knowledge base is utilized to enrich the text with relevant contextual concepts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Siyu Li , Lu Chen , Chenwei Song , Xinyi Liu

Text-attributed graphs (TAGs) present unique challenges in representation learning by requiring models to capture both the semantic richness of node-associated texts and the structural dependencies of the graph. While graph neural networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Azadeh Beiranvand , Seyed Mehdi Vahidipour

Occluded person re-identification (ReID) is a very challenging task due to the occlusion disturbance and incomplete target information. Leveraging external cues such as human pose or parsing to locate and align part features has been proven…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Shang Gao , Chenyang Yu , Pingping Zhang , Huchuan Lu
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